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介词和介词短语

2024-02-24 来源:尚车旅游网
陆霍 朔啭 E _卫E雪譬冒 二、常用介词用法比较 1.in,ON,at 介词 用法 举例 介词和介词疆语 ■东莞市教育局教研室刘守君 名 师 指 津 in 1985在1985年,in the 1990’S在 20世纪90年代,in(the)spring在春 表年、月、季 季,in May在五月,in a week在一周 节、周week), 里,in the morning在早上,in the 泛指一天的 day—time在白天,in the 21st century ln 早、晚等 在21世纪,in my school days在我 的学生时代,in one’S boyhood/ ̄rl— hood在某人少年,少女时代 表位置 in the campus在校园里.in the li— brary在图书馆里 【知识梳理】 介词【preposition=pre一(在……前部)+posi— tion(位置),所以又叫前置词],一般放在名词、代 词或动名词的前面。 介词是虚词,主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其 他人、物、事件之间的关系,如空间位置、时间先 后、因果关系、方式方法等。 表具体13期, on Friday morning星期五早晨,on 即具体某一 the afternoon ofAugust 21st 8月2l On 天或具体某 Et下午,on a wallll evening in May 天的上午、 五月中一个暖和的傍晚,on Christ— 下午 mas day圣诞节那天(指一天) 介词与其宾语叫介词短语。可作介词宾语的主要 有名词、代词、动名词(或动名词短语)、名词性从 句等。此外,在某些情况下,数词、形容词、副词、 不定式等也可作介词的宾语。介词短语在句中可作表 语、定语、状语和补语等。 一at day—break/dawn破晓/黎明,at sunrise/sunset日出/日落,at Noon中 表午间、夜 午,at night夜里,at mid—night在子 间、始末、 夜时刻,at breakfast(time)吃早 年龄等具体 餐时,at this/htat time在这个用5个 到最小的时 时间,at present目前,at the moment 间 at 此刻,at Christmas在圣诞节时,at the weekend在周末,at six/the age of six六岁时 、介词的分类 分类 举例 简单介词 at,in,by,with,for 复合介词 into,onto,within,without,out of,through— out,outside,inside at the bus stop在公共汽车站,at the station在车站,at the crossroads 表具体的地 在十字路口,at the bridge在桥头 点 处,at the next comer在下一个街 角,at the baker’S在面包店,at No. 36,Park Street公园街36号 2.in,.after 双重介词 from under,until after 按 结 构 as for(至于,就……而言),as to(关 于),because of,ahead of,exceptfor,but ofr,instead of,in front of,in face of, thanks to(由于),due to(由于),OW— 分 短语介词 ingto(由于),on account of(因为), apafl from,Mong with,together with,by 介词 用法 举例 表示在某段 时问之后 He will be back in two weeks.再过 (以现在为起 两星期他就会回来了。 ln 点)● means of,on behaf of(代表),according to,by means of,for the purpose of(为 的目的),in addition to(除…… 外),in spite of(尽管),up to(直到) ……Let’s wait a little longer.Helen will 常与一 般将来时连 arrive in a few minutes.我们再等一 用 下。再过几分钟海伦就会到。 ,表地点 at,in,on,under,by,near,between, through,down,above,below,off,over 按 表方向 词 into,out of,along,across,over at,OIl,in,around,before, er,between, 表示在某段 He was found dead after three days. 时间之后 三天后他被发现死了。 (以过去为起 1 was the first one to get there, 点),常与一 and Helen arrived after a few min after 般过去时连 utes.我是第一个到达JlKJD的。几分 用, 钟后海伦就来了。 表示在某时 hT间点之后e movie was on after 10 0’clock. 表时间 义 by,during,past,since,through,till,until, towards 分 表原因目的 、 for,with 可与般过 去时和一般 The guest will come after supper.客 将来时连用 人晚饭之后来。 一, 电影十点之后开演的。 4 离书2 0尊第2嗣 ◆—● 趣三、介词with的复合结构 举例 组成 举例  3. th,by,in 介词 用法 表示用 I cut the branch with a knife.我用刀切断 with 某种工 那树枝。 且 Bill and Helen often communicate with their eyes.比尔和海伦常以目传睛。 表示通 travel by bus搭公共汽车旅行 过某种 I’u let you know by e—mail.我会用电子邮 by 手段或 件通知你。 交通工 He got a lot of money by working hard。他 具等 靠勤劳赚了很多钱。 When in exam,you must write in ink.考试 Don’t speak wih yourt mouth ful1.嘴里有 with+n. ron. 食物的时候不要说话。 + .1ady. With John away,there’s more room.约翰 走了后,我们有更多空闲位置。 with+n./pton. With night coming on,we started for home. +doing +done 夜幕降临,我们动身回家。 with+n./{)rol1. She sat there,with her eyes closed.她坐在 NJL,双目紧闭。 名 师 with+n./pton. With so much homework to do.I had to 表示用 时你必须用墨水写。 ln 原料、 Mr.Huang made his speech in English.黄 语言等 先生用英语发表了他的演讲。 He explained it in a few words only.他只用 了几句话说明了那件事。 4.besides,except,except for +to do +prep. stay up.有许多作业要做,我不得不熬夜。 the pockets of his trousers. 指 津 【 with+n. ron. Tom stood at the window,with his.hands in 汤姆站在窗前双手插在裤袋里.、 ,介词 ”……用法 ,举例 【阅读欣赏】 阅读下列短文,注意介词的应用: You can sit before the desk(or in front of the desk).1"he professor can sit on the desk(when he’s being informal、or beIlind the desk.and then his feet are under the desk or beneath the desk.He “除了……还有 表肯定意 Besides English,he speaks besides 义French.除了英语以外他还会 等于“in addi。 tion to…” ,说法语。 “除了……之外”, EveD'one except Adam went to except 表否定意义 the concert.除了亚当,大家 都去听音乐会了。 Your composition is well writ- except can stand beside the desk rmeaning next to the desk).be- fore the desk between the desk and you,or even on the “除了……之 ten except for a few spelting for 外”,前后是包容 mistakes.除了几个拼写错误 关系 外,你的作文写得挺好。 (拼写错误在作文之中) 5.as.hke desk(if he’s really strange).If he’s clumsy,he can bump into the desk or try to walk through the desk fand stuff would fall off the desk).Passing his hands over the desk or resting his elbows upon the desk,he often looks across the desk and speaks of the desk or concerning the desk as if there were nothing else like the desk.Because he t}links of 介词 用法 举例 nothing except the desk,sometimes you wonder about the desk,what’s in the desk.what he paid for the desk.and if he could live without the desk.You can walk toward the desk,to the desk,around the desk,by the desk。and even past the desk while he sits at the desk or leans against the desk. All of this happens,of course,in time:during the class,before the class,until the class,throughout the I’m talking to you as your father.(我在 aS “作为” 以父亲的身份讲话) As a beginner,you simply have to learn the basics. Let me speak to you like your father. 1ike “像” (我并非父亲) Mark is a good player,but today he played like a beginner. class.after the class,etc.And the professor can sit there in a badmond. 6.by,untli 介词 用法 举例 He had finished the work by ten “不迟于”,等于 o’clock this morning.到今天上午 by not later than,常 十点钟,他已完成了这项工作。 和完成时搭配 They hope to finish the bridge by next July.他们希望明年七月前 建成这座大桥。 【灵活运用】 一、单句填空按照下面句子结构的语法性,在空 格处填入一个适当的介词。 1.The accident is repofled to have occurred——————— “直到”,表示动作 We danced until dawn.我们跳舞 或状态的延续,前 一直跳到天亮 until 面必须是延续性 She can’t leave until Friday.在星 动词或非延续性 期五之前她不能离开。(不离开的 动词的否定形式 状态延续到星期五) the flnti Sunday in February. 2.In order to change attitudes———————employing women,the governnlent is bringing in new laws. 蒸孛2 0笨纂盆麓 5 ◆——▲ 舟 懿 名师指津 hatt we have to get(9)——a busy main road, 3.一H0w long has this bookshop been in busin 一~l982. which can be diiculft.We don’t do much(10)—— he day,butt we go out every evening.Last night’s disco 4.The train leaves at 6:00 pm.So I have to be at he stattion .————5:40 pm at the latest. production up by 60%,the company has went on very late,and today we slept(11)—— eleven. 5.——had another exceDent year. 6.We offered him our congratulations———————his 一参考答案 、passing the coDege entrance exanls. 单旬填空 7.Rose was wild wiht j0y——the result ofthe ex— amination. 1.on。表示在具体的某一天,用介词on。 2.towards。an attitude towards…是固定搭配,表 示“对……的态度”。 8.The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 1,200.This means it has risen———————20%. 3.Since。问句用的是现在完成时,又是延续性 动词。 9.Hari and Gani walked toward each other on a country road.Haft carried a bag—————————his shoulder. 4.by。句意“火车六点钟离开,所以我得不迟于 5:40赶到火车站”。 10.He was there——what seemed like hours.I admire him for his patience. 11.——5.With。考查“with+宾语+宾补”的结构,该 句的with复合结构表示原因。 6.on。congratulate和congratulations与介词on搭配。 his hands —————————he crowds cheerting,the movie star went into her ear. 12.He was sitting in the chair7.at。该句用at表示原因,又如:jump at the good news。 folded. 二、句子翻译将下列句子翻译成英语,注意划 线部分的介词使用。 8.by。介词by用来表示增减或升降的幅度。 9.over。over ̄示位置,“在……上方”。 10.for。f0r表示时间的延续。 1.我将在六月十四日十点半见你。 2.除了他妻子,他的女儿也去看他。 3.很可惜那位伟大的作家未完成他的著作就死 了。 11.wih。后接复合结构。t 12.wih。后接复合结构。t 二、句子翻译 1.I’11 meet you at 10.30 on Monday.June 14. 2.Besides his wife,his daughter also went to see him. 4.碰巧在运动会那天天气非常冷。 5.他只穿着一件衬衣在太阳下干活。 6.试试这件红色短裙吧,你穿着它很好看。 7.手里拿着绿色雨伞的那个女人是谁? 8.我十天之后见你。 3.It was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished. 9.Jane下了出租车。 10.表演期间要保持安静。 4.It happened to be very cold on the morning of our sports meeting. 三、篇章运用阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语 5.He was working in the sun with only a shitr on. 法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入适当的介词。 This is our ifsrt real holiday(1)——ages,and I’m enjoying it greatly.I love being(2)——an is— land.We arived here alrmost a week ago and I can’t be— 6.Try on this red skirt;you will look great in it. 7.Who’s the woman wih a gtreen umbrella in her hand? 8.I’11 see you in ten days’time. lieve the time is going so fast.We finally completed the 9.Jane has got out ofthe taxi. 10.Please keep quiet during the performance. journey here(3)——Friday evening(4)—— about eleven o’clock.The journey wasn’t too bad,but we 三、篇章运用 1.for 2.on 3.on 4.at 4.on 5.at 6.for 7.on 8.in 9.across 10.during 11.until had to wait ages(5)——the airport(6)——our lfight.Our apartment here is fine.It’s(7)——top floor.The beach isn’t far away——the we can walk 责任编校蒋小青 herte(8)——ifve minutes.The only problem is 6 高中2010年第2期 

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