Part I Writing (30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试
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Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minu tes to write an essay. Suppose you have two opti ons upon graduati on: one is to take a job in a compa ny and the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice betwee n the two. Write an essay to expla in the reas ons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more tha n 180 words.
Much con troversy has bee n aroused about whether the stude nts should find a job or start their own bus in ess after graduation. Taking a look around, we can find that some graduates bustle around job markets, while others choose to run a shop on TMall. However, I prefer the former choice.
From my perspective, there are good reas ons to find a job in the first several years after their graduati on. First and foremost, if a graduate intends to accumulate working experience and learn from the seniors, it is advisable for him to find a job. It is an undeni able fact that the theoretical kno wledge will provide the graduates with the ability to consider things comprehensively, however, only under the integration with practice can the rigid knowledge be useful for their future development. Inevitably, doing something small is the premise of un dertak ing someth ing great. Take Jack Ma, the foun der of Alibaba and taobao, for example. He also finds some jobs before establishing his own career, laying a solid foundation for his later success.
Consequently, it is of great necessity to find a job after graduation. I firmly believe that it will continue to bring about more retur ns to our life and future.
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this sect ion, you will hear three n ews reports. At the end of each n ews report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best an swer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresp onding letter on An swer Sheet 1 with a sin gle line through the cen tre.
Questi ons 1 and 2 are based on the n ews report you have just heard. 1. A) It was going to be reno vated. B) He could no Ion ger pay the rent. C) It was dan gerous to live in. D) He had sold it to the royal family.
【答案】C
2. A) A storm. B) A strike. C) A forest fire. D) A terrorist attack.
【答案】A
Questi ons 3 and 4 are based on the n ews report you have just heard. 3. A) They lost con tact with the emerge ncy departme nt. B) They were injured by sudde nly falli ng rocks. C) They sent calls for help via a portable radio. D) They were trapped in an un dergro und elevator.
【答案】D
4. A) They provided the mi ners with food and water. B) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm. C) They released the details of the accide nt. D) They tried hard to repair the elevator.
【答案】B
Questi ons 5 to 7 are based on the n ews report you have just heard. 5. A) Raise postage rates. B) Improve its services.
C) Close some of its post offices. D) Redesig n delivery routes.
【答案】C
6. A) Closi ng offices on holidays. B) Shorte ning bus in ess hours.
C) Computeriz ing mail sorting processes. D) Stopp ing mail delivery on Saturdays.
【答案】D
7. A) A lot of con troversy will arise. B) Taxpayers will be very pleased. C) Many people will begin to complain.
D) Many post office staff will lose their jobs.
【答案】D
Section B
Directions: In this sect ion, you will hear two long con versati ons. At the end of each con versati on, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best an swer from the four choices marked A), B)y C) and D). Then mark the corresp onding letter on An swer Sheet 1 with a sin gle line through the cen tre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8. A) He will lose part of his pay. B) He will go through retrai ning. C) He will be give n a warni ng. D) He will be kept from promoti on.
【答案】A
9. A) He is an experie need press operator. B) He is a trustworthy guy. C) He is always on time.
D) He is on good terms with his workmates.
【答案】B
10. A) She is a trade union represe ntative. B) She is a senior man ager of the shop. C) She is better at han dli ng such matters. D) She is in charge of public relatio ns.
【答案】C
11. A) He is always trying to stir up trouble. B) He is skilled and experieneed. C) He is very close to the man ager.
D) He is always complai ning about low wages.
【答案】A
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A) Ope n. B) Reserved. C) Selfish. D) Frie ndly.
【答案】B
13. A) They read a book. B) They talk about the weather. C) They stay quiet.
D) They chat with fellow passe ngers.
【答案】C
14. A) She was unwilling to make friends with workmates. B) She was never invited to a colleague ' s home. C) She was eager to visit an En glish castle. D) She was always treated as a foreig ner.
【答案】B
15. A) Houses are much more quiet. B) They want to have more space. C) They want a garde n of their own. D) Houses provide more privacy.
【答案】D
Section C
Directions: In this sect ion, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on An swer Sheet 1 with a sin gle line through the cen tre.
Questi ons 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A) They will automatically be given hiring priority. B) They don ' t have to go through job in terviews.
C) They are likely to get much higher pay. D) They don ' t have much choice of jobs.
【答案】A
17. A) Visit the school careers service. B) Ask their professors for help.
C) Look at school bulleti n boards. D) Go through campus n ewspapers.
【答案】A
18. A) Providi ng stude nts with in formati on about the library. B) Help ing stude nts arrange appo in tme nts with libraria ns. C) Supervis ing study spaces to en sure a quiet atmosphere. D) Help ing stude nts find the books and journ als they n eed.
【答案】C
Questi ons 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. A) It tastes better.
B) It may be sold at a higher price. C) It is easier to grow.
D) It can better survive extreme weathers.
【答案】B
20. A) It can grow in drier soil. B) It is immune to various diseases. C) It will replace gree n tea one day. D) It is healthier than green tea.
【答案】D
21. A) It does not have a stable market. B) It has made tea farmers' life easier.
C) It does not bring the promised health ben efits. D) It has bee n well received by many tea drin kers.
【答案】A
Questi ons 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) They care more about en vir onment. B) They decorate their homes themselves. C) They prefer unique objects of high quality. D) They n eed decoratio ns to show their status.
【答案】C
23. A) They made great con tributi ons to society. B) They could only try to create at ni ght. C) They were proud of their creati ons.
D) They focused on the quality of their products.
【答案】B
24. A) Identify fake crafts. B) Make wise choices.
C) To arouse public in terest in crafts. D) To boost the local economy.
【答案】B
25. A) To attract foreig n in vestme nts. B) To preserve the traditi onal culture. C) Desig n han dicrafts themselves. D) Lear n the importa nee of creatio n.
【答案】D
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this sect ion, there is a passage with ten bla nks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on An swer Sheet 2 with a sin gle line through the cen tre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more tha n once.
Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are “ male” and “ female” brains, believi ng that expla ins just about every differe nee betwee n the sexes. A new study __26__ that belief, questi oning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.
In the study, Tel Aviv Uni versity researchers __27__ for sex differe nces throughout the en tire huma n brai n.
27. ____ A) abno rmal B) applied C) briefly D) categoriz ing E) challe nges
F) figure G) perce ntage H) provi ng I) regardless J) searched K) similarities L) slightly M) suggests N) tastes O) traditio nal
And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidenee for __28__ brains as “ male”
“female,” research shows that brains fall into a wide range, with most people falling right in the middle.
28. ____ A) abno rmal B) applied C) briefly D) categoriz ing E) challe nges F) figure G) perce ntage H) provi ng I) regardless J) searched K) similarities L) slightly M) suggests N) tastes O) traditio nal
Daph na Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there are some gen der-based — __29 ' t always be distinguished by gender.
29.
or
many different types of brain can A) abnormal B) applied C) briefly D) categoriz ing E) challe nges F) figure G) perce ntage H) provi ng I) regardless J) searched K) similarities L) slightly M) suggests N) tastes O) traditio nal
While the “ average” male and “ average\" female brains were __30__ different, you couldn ' t tell it by look ing at in dividual brain sca ns. Only a small __31__ of people had “ all-male ” or “ all-female ” characteristics.
30. ___ 31. ___ A) abno rmal B) applied C) briefly D) categoriz ing E) challe nges F) figure G) perce ntage H) provi ng I) regardless J) searched K) similarities L) slightly M) suggests
N) tastes O) traditio nal
Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist ( 神经科学家 ),said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questio ning __32__ beliefs about gen der and brain function. But he cauti oned aga inst con cludi ng from this study that all brains are the same, __33__ of gen der.
32. ___ 33. ___ A) abno rmal B) applied C) briefly D) categoriz ing E) challe nges F) figure G) perce ntage H) provi ng I) regardless J) searched K) similarities L) slightly M) suggests N) tastes O) traditio nal
“ There' s a moun ta in of evide nee __34__ the importa nee of sex in flue nces at all levels of brain fun ctio n,
M he told The Seattle Times.
34. ___ A) abno rmal B) applied C) briefly D) categoriz ing E) challe nges F) figure
G) perce ntage H) provi ng I) regardless J) searched K) similarities L) slightly M) suggests N) tastes O) traditio nal
If anything, he said, the study __35__ that gender plays a very important role in the brain are not clear exactly how. ”
35. ____ A) abno rmal B) applied C) briefly D) categoriz ing E) challe nges F) figure G) perce ntage H) provi ng I) regardless J) searched K) similarities L) slightly M) suggests N) tastes O) traditio nal Section B
Directions: In this sect ion, you are going to read a passage with ten stateme nts attached to it. Each stateme nt contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresp onding letter on An swer Sheet 2.
Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?
A) A ny product that promises to protect your home deserves careful exam in ati on. So it isn't surpris ing that you'
even when we
II find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.
B) The most likely type of burglary(入室盗窃)by far is the un sophisticated crime of opport uni ty, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these accounted for roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in 2013. The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds of criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesn' t even track those statistics.
C) One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar(
入室盗贼 )might be able to
shut your system dow n simply by cutt ing the right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered sen sors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they ' ll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. That approach will elimi nate most cord-cutt ing concerns— but what about their wireless equivale nt, jammi ng? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what ' s to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert sig nal from ever reach ing the base stati on?
D) Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they ' re not unique to security systems. Any device that ' s built to receive a wireless sig nal at a specific freque ncy can be overwhelmed by a stron ger sig nal coming in on the same freque ncy. For comparis on, let' s say you wan ted to “ jam” a con versati on betwee n two people—all you' d need to do is yell in the listener ' s ear.
E) Security devices are required to list the freque ncies they broadcast on — that means that a pote ntial thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need to know what system they ' re look ing for. If you have a sig n in your yard declari ng what setup you use, that ' d point them in the right directi on, though at that point, we' re talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort of forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. It ' s easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some freque ncies tha n it is for others.
F) Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jam ming attacks. SimpliSafe, winner of our Editors ' Choice distinction, utilizes a special system that ' s capable of separating incidental RF interferenee from targeted jamming attacks. When the system thinks it' s being jammed, it' II notify you via push alert (推送警报 ).From there, it ' s up to you to sound the alarm manually.
G) SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete with a video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with han dheld jam ming equipme nt. After tak ing appropriate measure to contain the RF in
terfere nee to our test lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that it is possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafe ' s anti-jamming system works. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interferenee on the system ' s event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not it detected them.
H) We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldn ' t be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around it Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldn ' t be a universal magic formula for crack ing it Other systems also seem con fide nt on the subject of jammi ng. The team at Fron tpo int addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there aren ' t any docume nted cases of a successful jam attack si nee the compa ny bega n offeri ng wireless security sen sors in the 1980s.
I) Jam ming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipme nt and the right kno w-how, it' s possible to jam any wireless tran smissi on. But how probable is it that some one will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?
J) Let' s imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically. Then, he ' s going to need to know the tech nical details of your system and acquire the specific equipme nt n ecessary for jammi ng your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at ni ght and while you're away, so the thief will still n eed to break
in. That means defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window. He ' ll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broke n window or ope ned door would no rmally release the alarm. So, too, would the moti on detectors in your home, so the thief will n eed to continue jam ming once he ' s in side and search ing for things to steal. However, he' ll n eed to do so without tripp ing the an ti-jam ming system, the details of which he almost certa inly does not have access to.
K) At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opport uni stic smash-a nd-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. They ' re also only a sin gle layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securi ng your home, one that in cludes com mon sense things like sound locks and proper exterior lighti ng at ni ght. No system is impe netrable, and non e can promise to elim in ate the worst case completely. Every one of them has vuln erabilities that a kno wledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering stro ng protecti on in the event of a less-extraord inary attack.
36.11 is possible for burglars to make jam ming attacks with the n ecessary equipme nt and skill.
【答案】I
37」nterfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering with a conversation.
【答案】D
38.A burglar has to continu ously jam the wireless security device to avoid triggeri ng the alarm, both in side and outside the house.
【答案】J
39.SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radio interferenee from targeted jammi ng attacks.
【答案】F
40.Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.
【答案】B
41.It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps cha nging.
【答案】H
42. Wireless devices will tran smit sig nals so as to activate the alarm once someth ing wrong is detected.
【答案】C
43. Different measures should be taken to protect one' s home from burglary in addition to the wireless security system.
【答案】K
44.SimpliSafe ' s device can send a warning to the house owner' s cellphone.
【答案】G
45. Burglars can easily get a security device ' s frequency by Internet search.
【答案】E
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this sect ion. Each passage is followed by some questi ons or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) , C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questi ons 46 to 50 are based on the follow ing passage.
As a person who writes about food and drink for a living, I couldn ' t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That ' s because he plans to ban tipp ing in favor of pay ing his servers an actual livi ng wage.
I hate tipp ing.
I hate it because it' s an obligati on disguised as an opti on. I hate it for the post-d inner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other in dustry.
Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persiste ntly view restaura nts with volun tary tipp ing systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaura nts and bars to do away with the tipp ing system.
One argume nt that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipp ing crowd seems logical eno ugh: the service is better whe n waiters depe nd on tips, presumably because they see a ben efit to successfully veil ing their con tempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipp ing a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, kee n observers of huma nity that they are, are catch ing on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn ' t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.
So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more up-front for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry ' s pub, and any other bar or restaura nt that does n ' t ask you to do drunken math.
46. What can we lear n about Bill Perry from the passage? A) He runs a pub that serves excelle nt beer. B) He intends to get rid of the tipping practice. C) He gives his staff a con siderable sum for tips. D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.
【答案】B
47. What is the main reas on why the author hates tipp ing? A) It sets a bad example for other in dustries. B) It adds to the burde n of ordinary customers. C) It forces the customer to compe nsate the waiter.
D) It poses a great challe nge for customers to do math.
【答案】C
48. Why do many people love tipp ing accord ing to the author? A) They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in. B) They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service. C) They want to preserve a won derful traditi on of the in dustry. D) They can have some say in how much their servers earn.
【答案】D
49. What have some waiters come to realize accord ing to a survey? A) Service quality has little effect on tip size. B) It is in huma n n ature to try to save on tips. C) Tips make it more difficult to please customers. D) Tips ben efit the boss rather tha n the employees.
【答案】A
50. What does the author argue for in the passage? A) Restaura nts should calculate the tips for customers. B) Customers should pay more tips to help improve service. C) Waiters deserve better tha n just relying on tips for a livi ng. D) Waiters should be paid by employers in stead of customers.
【答案】D
Passage Two
Questi ons 51 to 55 are based on the follow ing passage.
In the past, falli ng oil prices have give n a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have bee n toned dow n, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mea n the link betwee n lower oil prices and growth has weake ned?
Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they ' re paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other thin gs, which stimulates the economy.
The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and India. But doesn ' t the extra money in the pockets of those countries, consumers mean an equal loss in oil-producing countries, can celli ng out the
gains? Not n ecessarily, says econo mic researcher Sara Joh nson. “ Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies (补贴占)for their consumers. ”
But not all oil producers have big reserves. In Ven ezuela, collaps ing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.
Econo mist Carl Wein berg believes the n egative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhel ming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implicati on is a sharp decli ne in global trade, which has plun ged partly because oilproducing nations can ' t afford to import as much as they used to.
Sara Joh nson ack no wledges that the global econo mic ben efit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reas on is that more coun tries are big oil producers now, so the n ati ons sufferi ng from the prices drop acco unt for a larger share of the global economy.
Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they ' re getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recessi on is still fresh in their mind. And a nu mber of oil-produci ng coun tries are trimming their gasoli ne subsidies and rais ing taxes, so the net savi ngs for global con sumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.
51. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage? A) The reas ons beh ind the plunge of oil prices. B) Possible ways to stimulate the global economy. C) The impact of cheap oil on global econo mic growth. D) The effect of falli ng oil prices on con sumer spe nding.
【答案】C
52. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy? A) Ma nu facturers can produce con sumer goods at a much lower cost. B) Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy. C) Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change. D) Con sumers will spe nd their savi ngs from cheap oil on other commodities.
【答案】D
53. What happe ns in many oil-export ing coun tries whe n oil prices go dow n? A) They suspe nd import of n ecessities from overseas. B) They reduce producti on drastically to boost oil prices.
C) They use their money reserves to back up con sumpti on. D) They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.
【答案】C
54. How does Carl Wein berg view the curre nt oil price plun ge? A) lt is one that has seen no parallel in economic history. B) lts n egative effects more tha n cancel out its positive effects. C) It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy. D) Its effects on the global economy go aga inst exist ing econo mic laws.
【答案】B
55. Why haven ' t falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before? A) People are not spe nding all the money they save on gas. B) The global economy is likely to un dergo ano ther recessi on. C) Oil importers acco unt for a larger porti on of the global economy. D) People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.
【答案】A
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your an swer on An swer Sheet 2.
在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福。在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。人们 把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红信封里。红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它 与中国革命和共产党相联系。然而，红色并不总是代表好运和快乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书 写，用红墨水书写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为。
【答案】 In Chin ese culture, red gen erally symbolizes good luck, l on gevity and well-bei ng. The color of red can
be found everywhere duri ng the Spring Festival and other festive occasi ons. Cash give n to family members or close friends as a gift is usually wrapped in a red envelop. Another reason accounting for the popularity of red in China is that people associate it with Chinese revolution and the Communist Party of China. Red, however, does not always represe nt good luck and happ in ess. Since the n ame of the dead were usually writte n in red in the past, it is regarded as an offense to write dow n the n ame of a Chin ese in red ink.
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