专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷19 (题后含答案及解析)
全部题型 5. Reading Comprehension
Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Tom had once worked in a city office in London, but now he was out of work. He had a large family to support , so he often found himself in difficulty. He often visited Mr. White on Sundays, told him about his troubles, and asked for two or three pounds. Mr. White, a man with a kind heart, found it difficult to refuse the money, though he himself was poor. Tom had already received more than thirty pounds from Mr. White, but he always seemed to be in need of son e more. One day, after telling Mr. White a long story of his troubles, Tom asked for five pounds. Mr. White had heard this sort of thing before, but he listened patiently to the end. Then he said, “I understand your difficulties, Tom. I’ d like to help you. But I’m not going to give you five pounds this time. I’ 11 lend you the money, and you can pay me off next time you see me. “ Tom took the money, but he never appeared again.
1． Tom was now in difficulties because he______. A．worked in a city office and was poorly paid
B．was poorly paid and had a large family to support C．was poorly paid and always spent money carelessly D．was out of work and had a large family to support
正确答案：D
解析：文章第一段前两句指出，汤姆身处困境，因为他失业了，还得养活一大家子人。 知识模块：阅读理解
2． Tom went to Mr. White for help______. A．twice a week B．often on Sundays C．always on Mondays
D．whenever he needed money
正确答案：B
解析：文章第一段最后一句意思是：汤姆经常星期天拜访怀特先生，向他诉说他的困难然后要两三英镑。 知识模块：阅读理解
3． Altogether Tom received______from Mr. White.
A．at least thirty-five pounds B．exactly thirty-five pounds C．less than thirty pounds D．five pounds
正确答案：A 解析：文章第二段第二句指出，汤姆已经从怀特先生那儿得到三十多英镑了，后来又向怀特先生要了5英镑，所以他至少要了三十五英镑。 知识模块：阅读理解
4． Every time Tom went to Mr. White, he would______. A．directly asked for some money
B．give some reasons before asking for money C．give reasons and then borrow five pounds D．ask for money before explaining his troubles
正确答案：B 解析：由文章第一段最后一句和第三段可知，每次汤姆来见怀特先生时都会诉说自己的困难，然后会向怀特先生要一些钱，即每次汤姆来要钱都会找些借口，故B正确。 知识模块：阅读理解
5． Mr. White decided to lend, not to give Tom five pounds in order to______. A．encourage him to come again B．get all his money back C．get rid of him
D．thank him for his stories
正确答案：C
解析：文章倒数第二段中，怀特先生对汤姆说，他可以借给汤姆些钱，但是下次来要钱时必须将上次的钱还上。结果是，汤姆再也没有来要钱。由此可推断
出怀特先生是想摆脱汤姆，故C正确。 知识模块：阅读理解
During the twentieth century there has been a great change in the lives of women. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four of five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which chance and health made it unusual for them to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman’ s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and is likely to take paid work until sixty. This important change in women’ s life has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’ s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school and took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to
it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life.
6． We are told that in a family about 1900______. A．few children died before they were five
B．seven or eight children lived to be more than five C．the youngest child would be fifteen D．not all the children can live beyond five
正确答案：D
解析：文章第一段第二句的意思是：十九世纪末，妇女的结婚年龄大约是二十五岁左右，她们可能会有七到八个孩子，其中只有四到五个仅活到五岁。即不
是所有的孩子都能存活下来，有些在5岁之前就已经夭折了，故选D。 知识模块：阅读理解
7． One reason why the woman of today may take a job is that she______. A．is younger when her children are old enough to look after themselves B．does not like children herself
C．needn’ t worry about food for her children
D．can be free from family duties when she reaches sixty
正确答案：A 解析：文章第一段将现在的妇女与过去的妇女作了比较。倒数后两句说到一般而言，当孩子十五岁时，现代妇女刚四十五岁，她还可以再去找工作。故A为最佳选项。 知识模块：阅读理解
8． Many girls are now likely to______.
A．give up their jobs for good after they are married B．leave school as soon as they can C．marry so that they can get a job
D．continue working until they are going to have a baby
正确答案：D
解析：文章第二段第四句后半部分指出，今天，已婚妇女在第一个孩子出生之前一直在工作。 知识模块：阅读理解
9． According to the passage, it is now quite usual for women to______. A．stay at home after leaving school B．marry men younger than themselves C．start working again later in life
D．marry while still at school
正确答案：C 解析：文章第二段倒数第二句指出，很多妇女生完孩子后还会去做全职或兼职工作。由此可知，妇女年龄大些后再去找工作是很普遍的现象。 知识模块：阅读理解
10． Now a husband probably______.
A．plays a greater part in looking after the children B．helps his wife by doing most of the housework C．feels dissatisfied with his part in the family
D．takes a part-time job so that he can be more helpful at home
正确答案：B
解析：文章最后一句的意思是，这种变化导致了一种新型的婚姻关系，丈夫在家庭生活中承担了更多的责任。 知识模块：阅读理解
Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”. Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant(不愿意)to go to sea to further his work. For most people the sea was remote , and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile(起伏形状)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853 , for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(探测)were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea. The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition(考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.
11． The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly______.
A．for oceanographic studies B．for military purposes
C．for business considerations
D．for investigating the depths of the oceans
正确答案：C 解析：文章第三段第二句中提到“The firsttime that the question‘What is at the bottom of theoceans?’had to be answered with any commercialconsequence was when the laying of a telegraphcable from Europe to America was proposed．”其中“had to be answered with any commercialconsequence”即是选项中的“for businessconsiderations”，故选C。 知识模块：阅读理解
12． It was ______ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies. A．the American Navy
B．some early intercontinental travelers C．those who earned a living from the sea
D．the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable
正确答案：D 解析：文章第四段第一句说到“It was to Mauryof the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Companyturned，in 1853，for information on this matter．”其中“turn to Maury”即是选项中的“asked Maury forhelp”，而寻求帮助的对象是the Atlanticcompany，也同D项表述相近，故选D。此题的关键是读懂原文中的强调句型。 知识模块：阅读理解
13． The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was______. A．to make some sound experiments in the oceans B．to collect samples of sea plants and animals
C．to estimate the length of cable that was to be made D．to measure the depths of two oceans
正确答案：D
解析：文章第四段第二句说到“In the 1840s，Maury had been responsible for encouragingvoyages during which soundings(探测)were takento investigate the depths of the North Atlantic andPacific Oceans．”其中“investigate”是测量的意思，
与选项中的“measure”相对应。故选D。 知识模块：阅读理解
14． “Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means______. A．doubted
B．gave proof to C．challenged D．agreed to
正确答案：C
解析：解决这类题的关键在于根据“defied”前后句的意思来进行推测，前句中有“it wasfound to be covered in living growths”，而后句中“there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea”．由前后句的对比可知，只有选项C符合此意。 知识模块：阅读理解
15． The passage is mainly about______. A．the beginnings of oceanography B．the laying of the first undersea cable C．the investigation of ocean depths
D．the early intercontinental communication
正确答案：A
解析：通读全文可看出，文章中心与主题在首段首句。因此选A。其他三项均是细节，不能用细节作为主旨大意题的答案。 知识模块：阅读理解
President Coolidge’ s statement, “ The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today—that business institutions have more prestige(威望)in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige? One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work is protected. Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly(垄断)of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically , if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves. A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom. Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的)idea of inherited privilege.
16． The statement “The business of America is business” probably means______.
A．The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce B．Business problems are of great importance to the American government C．Business is of primary concern to Americans D．America is a great power in world business
正确答案：C
解析：关键在于理解第一段的含义。Business有“商业”的意思，还有“事务、职责”的意思，第一个“business”指“头等大事”，第二个“business”指“生意、商业”。通读全文也可看出商业经济是美国人非常关注的事情。故选C。 知识模块：阅读理解
17． Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only______. A．when given equality of opportunity B．through doing business
C．by protecting their individual freedom D．by ways of competition
正确答案：D 解析：解答此题的关键信息在第二段，由第二段最后一句“Competition is not only good initself，it is the means by which other basicAmerican values such as individual freedom，equality of opportunity， and hard work isprotected．”可推断出竞争可以使美国人实现他们的个人价值，故选D。 知识模块：阅读理解
18． Who can benefit from business competition? A．Honest businessmen.
B．Both businessmen and their customers. C．People with ideals of equality and freedom. D．Both business institutions and government.
正确答案：B 解析：从文章第三段讲述中可推断出竞争在保护顾客利益的同时也保护公司的利益，故选B。 知识模块：阅读理解
19． Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by______.
A．its absolute control of power
B．its function in preserving personal freedom C．its role in protecting basic American values D．its democratic way of exercising leadership
正确答案：A
解析：由文章第四段第一句“A contrast is oftenmade between business，which is competitive，andgovernment，which is a monopoly．”可知商业和政府之间的不同在于商业具有竞争性，而政府则是权力垄断。而“Monopoly”和选项中的“absolutecontrol”是同义替换，因此正确答案为A。 知识模块：阅读理解
20． It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes______. A．Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries B．in many countries success often depends on one’ s social status
C．American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries D．business in other countries are not as competitive as those in America
正确答案：B
解析：最后一段第二句中说到“Competitionis seen as an open and fair race where successgoes to the swiftest person regardless of his or hersocial class background．”其中“social classbackground”与选项中的“social status”对应。最后一句也点明了作者的观点，即：商业应该表达的是平等的理念而不是继承特
权的贵族理念。因此正确答案为B。其他几项在文中都找不到依据。 知识模块：阅读理解
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