专业英语八级模拟试卷356(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级模拟试卷356 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITING

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)

SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

听力原文： Good morning, everyone. Today, we are going to talk about “American” characteristics. Many typically “American” characteristics--individualism, self-reliance, informality, punctuality and directness-are a result of those values mentioned earlier. Other “national traits” could also be identified, however. 1. Americans cooperate-Although often competitive. Americans also have a good sense of “teamwork” and cooperate with others to achieve a goal. 2. Americans are friendly, but in their own way. In general, friendships among Americans tend to be shorter and move casual than friendships among people from other cultures. This has something to do with American mobility and the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people. Americans also tend to compartmentalize friendships-having friends at work, family friends, friends on the softball team, etc.. 3. Americans ask a lot of questions, some of which may to you seem pointless, uninformed or elementary. Someone you have just met may ask you very personal questions. No impertinence is intended; the questions usually grow out of a genuine interest. 4. Americans tend to be internationally naive-Many Americans are not very knowledgeable about international geography or world affairs, they may ask uninformed questions about current events and may display ignorance of world geography. Because the U.S. is not surrounded by many other nations, some Americans tend to ignore the world. 5. Silence makes Americans nervous. Americans are not comfortable with silence. They would rather talk about the weather than deal with silence in a conversation. 6. Americans are open and usually eager to explain. If you do not understand certain behavior or want to know “what makes Americans tick,” do not hesitate to ask questions. Just as values and traits differ somewhat from one culture to another, so do the personal habits associated with good manners and courtesy. While very often there does not seem to be any particular reason why a particular way of doing something is considered good manners, observing these cultural rules will make Americans more comfortable with you and therefore you with them, it is, of course, impossible to cover all the possibilities here.

If you are unsure in a situation, just ask--Americans like to be helpful. 1. Queuing up or lining up is essential. Courtesy requires that you do not push from behind, stand nest to the person being helped or cut into a line. If you should accidentally bump someone, you should say, “Excuse me.” 2. Americans blow their noses into a tissue. Spitting, clearing phlegm or sniffing as from a cold are considered rude. 3. It is considered poor manners to slurp, chew noisily or open your mouth while chewing. 4. Questions are seen as a good way of getting acquainted, but questions about a person’s age, financial affairs, cost of clothing or personal belongings, religious affiliations and sex life are considered too personal for questioning except between very close friends. 5. Men generally do not hold hands or link arms in public with other men. This is somewhat acceptable between women and quite common between men and women. Now, a few words about personal safety. Unfortunately, in the U.S. one must be aware of crimes. It is wise to be especially careful until you are familiar with the community in which you live. Remember that good judgment and common sense can significantly reduce chances of having an unpleasant and perhaps harmful experience. Basic safety rules include the following: 1. Do not walk alone at night. 2. When you leave your room, apartment, or automobile, make sure that all doors are locked and all windows are secured. 3. Do not carry too much cash or wear jewelry of great value. 4. Never accept a ride from a stranger. Do not hitchhike and do not pick up hitchhikers. 5. Be careful of purses and wallets, especially in crowded metropolitan areas, where there may be purse-snatchers and pickpockets. 6. If a robber threatens you, at home or on the street, try not to resist unless you feel that your life is in danger and you must fight or run away. Give up your valuables are calmly as you can and observe as much as possible about the robber to tell the police when you report the crime. A final note: keep an open mind. Don’t judge what you see as right or wrong, but make it a challenge to try to understand the variety of American behaviors which you may observe. You certainly do not have to participate in something you disagree with, but you can try to understand it. This will help you build an attitude of intelligent and liberated respect for cultures, both your own and others’.

Besides “American” characteristics-individualism, self-reliance, informality, punctuality and directness, there are also some “national traits” could also be identified. I. Some of the national traits: 1) Being friendly. There are all kinds of friendships for Americans, such as【1】.【1】______ 2) Having many questions. Some of American’s questions are【2】. 【2】______ 3) Internationally naive. Many Americans are not very knowledgeable about international geography or world【3】 【3】______ 4) Be nervous about silence. Talking about【4】is always a good way to break 【4】______silence in a conversation. 5) Open and eager to【5】 【5】______ II. Cultural rules that make Americans more comfortable with you: 1) Queuing up. 2) Blow their noses into a tissue. It’s considered to be rude to spit, clear phlegm or【6】 【6】______ 3) Avoid to slurp, chew noisily or open your mouth while chewing. 4) Never asking questions about a person’s age, financial affairs, cost of clothing or personal belongings,【7】or sex life. 【7】______ 5) It’s not common for men to hold hands or link【8】in public with other men.

【8】______ III. Some tips on personal safety: 1) Do not walk alone at night. 2) When you leave your room, apartment, or automobile, make sure that all doors are locked and all windows are【9】 【9】______ 3) Do not carry too much cash or wear jewelry of great value. 4) Never accept a ride from a stranger. 5) Be careful of purses and wallets, especially in crowded【10】 【10】______ 6) Avoid resisting the robbers unnecessarily.

1． 【1】

正确答案：friends at work，family friends，friends on the softball team，etc．

2． 【2】

正确答案：pointless．uninformed or elementary

3． 【3】

正确答案：affairs

4． 【4】

正确答案：the weather

5． 【5】

正确答案：explain

6． 【6】

正确答案：sniff as from a cold

7． 【7】

正确答案：religious affiliations

8． 【8】

正确答案：arms

9． 【9】

正确答案：secured

10． 【10】

正确答案：metropolitan areas

SECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.

听力原文： Interview with PAUL RAY:AD: How did you discover the Cultural Creatives?PR: When in 1986 I co-founded American LIVES, I was less interested in traditional market research and more in how America was changing. One of the first things we discovered in our research was that a clear cultural change was happening: not just change in one area of people’s lives, but in many areas, from environmental issues to consumption patterns, from media preferences to the purchase of food products. We also discovered that the people who were changing were a definite subculture and part of a longer-term pattern. Although most Cultural Creatives in our surveys thought they were alone or part of a very small group, it turned out that they represented a sizable and fast-growing portion of the American population, now reaching over 50 million.AD: How do you explain this impression of Cultural Creatives that they are not part of a larger group?PR: Cultures are generally self-maintaining, and the Cultural Creatives differ from the official culture of the U.S.: i. e., the modem culture, which is a culture of getting and spending, a culture of materialism, a culture of big government, big corporations, and big media. That official culture is adhered to by just under half of Americans. The other half of Americans doesn’t believe in it at all. Mainstream media usually describe Cultural Creatives as isolated individuals often labeled as tree huggers, protesters, New Agers, etc. When Cultural Creatives follow the news media, they see they are hardly mentioned, and therefore come to the false conclusion that they are only part of a very small group. Another reason why Cultural Creatives believe they are alone is that when you go to the workplace, you are supposed to check your values at the door. Cultural Creatives in the average workplace don’t express themselves as such. A third reason is that in the process of becoming a Cultural Creative, one frequently has to shed old friendships, old marriages, old careers, because their views were changing in ways others weren’t. This is a very individualized process, the benefit of which is that it really lets you change. The cost is that you believe you are unique and the only one going through this process.AD: You indicate that there are 50 million Cultural Creatives in the U.S. and 80 million in Europe. What are the reasons for their rise?PR: In part this is because our planet is in deep trouble. There is a daily drumbeat that we are moving into a crisis period for humanity. People who are good at synthesis, like most Cultural Creatives, see that if we continue our way of life we will be in deep trouble. At the same time there are personal changes happening at a psychological and spiritual level. Today, for the first time in human history, people who are interested in

an inner life have access to every esoteric tradition in the world. Access to information about personal growth is enormous. Access to information about what is going on around the planet is never ending~ In short, better information, large crises at the social level, and miniature crises at the individual level all contribute to more and more people being exposed to the opportunity to deal with personal change.AD: Why are there so many women among Cultural Creatives?PR: Women as both wage earners and homemakers feel the contradictions more in our society. They feel more subtle, institutional discrimination. If a society inherits disfunctional institutions then it is often the people with intelligence, skills, and an alternative perspective who are going to come up with better answers, rather than the people who have inherited positions that were already favored, in these cases, it is women who will play an increasingly important role. Besides this, approximately 80 percent of the people in the western world are concerned that their children will inherit a worse world than the one in which they grew up. People tend to do for their children what they wouldn’t do for themselves. Women, especially, will push for change and for a better world because of their” children.AD: You are currently researching how the political system is affected by cultural changes. What attracts you to this political research?PR: I have been an activist all my life. I was involved in the environmental and peace movements in the 60s. I have always been interested in many different issues, from the impact to new technologies to how the economy works, from government politics to civil society. I am now connecting the dots between citizen activism, political activity, and change in business, as they are all part of one big picture. What I actually care most about is social change. Social change, however, is only possible through system change.AD: What do you mean with systems change?PR: If you are taking a system perspective of what is going on, one should ask what is our need as a whole system. As a planet, can we continue with 10 percent of the population having 80 percent of the resources? As a planet, can we survive if eco-systems all around the world are being destroyed? Looking at this big picture means changing the usual way of looking at the world and changing politics as usual. If all your time as a politician is spent on what bill is coming up or what political power struggle is being played out, you miss what it is all for. What I am trying throughout my life is to keep looking at that big picture.

11． Paul Ray said they discovered that a clear cultural change was happening in many areas EXCEPT______.

A．people’s lives

B．environmental issues C．consumption patterns D．media advertisements

正确答案：D

12． According to Ray, the official culture is featured by ______.

A．small government B．dynamic media C．materialism

D．the massive support from most Americans

正确答案：C

13． Why do cultural creatives regard themselves alone in the society? A．They are seldom mentioned by mass media. B．They don’t express themselves.

C．They have to sacrifice many things which are parts of their old lives. D．All of the above.

正确答案：D

14． Why are there so many women among Cultural Creatives, according to Ray?

A．Because they are not burdened so much as men. B．Because they are more sensitive and feel more.

C．Because they will push for change and for a better world because of their husbands.

D．Because they have more intelligence and skills.

正确答案：B

15． Ray said he had been an activist, involved in ______. A．anti-discrimination movement B．environmental movement C．non-violence movement D．human rights movement

正确答案：B

SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.

听力原文： A United Nations conference has adopted measures to speed up global action to protect people and the environment from hazardous wastes. The measures were adopted at a conference in Geneva called to strengthen the Basel Convention, a U.N. treaty that laid down environmental standards for the disposal and management of hazardous wastes. The United Nations estimates the world produces around 150 million tons of hazardous waste each year. The major achievement of the conference, which concluded Friday, was the adoption of a

strategic plan to deal with all this waste.

16． Around how many tons of hazardous waste does the world produce each year?

A．150 million. B．1.50 million. C．15 million. D．50 million.

正确答案：A

听力原文： Host: At Friday’s annual meeting of the American Economic Association in Washington, a panel of prominent economists examined the business outlook and concluded that U.S. productivity growth will slow and that the economy itself is unlikely to regain the fast growth rates of the 1990s. Harvard University professor Dale Jorgenson said, with the collapse of the high tech bubble in the stock market, the U.S. economy is reverting to the slower growth rates of the period 1973 to 1995．In the boom years from 1995 to 2000, the U.S. economy grew by about five percent annually. That high growth, said Professor Jorgenson, was fueled by enormous gains in productivity that are unlikely to return. Voice: So, 2.78 is the figure going forward for about the next decade. In other words, we’re not going to have an acceleration of economic growth, contrary to what Alan Greenspan (central bank governor) may say in his testimony to the Senate Banking Committee only two weeks from today. That’s not going to happen. It is something that it is just totally outside the range of possibilities, even under the most optimistic assumption about productivity and capital deepening.

17． Now the U.S. economy growth rate is ______. A．higher than 1995 to 2000 B．lower than 1973 to 1995 C．as good as 1995 to 2000 D．the same as 1993 to 1995

正确答案：B

18． Dale Jorgenson points out that the 2.78 grow rate will be continued in the next ______.

A．2 years B．10 years C．20 years D．5 years

正确答案：B

听力原文： At the turn of the last century, more than 2-million wild horses roamed free across public lands in the American west. But decades of poaching and culling decimated the herds, and by 1971, when they were granted federal protection through the “Wild Free Roaming Horse and Burro Act,” there were only around 20,000 left. Today a limited number of mustangs still roam public lands in ten Western states, their numbers regulated by annual roundups by the Bureau of Land Management. Late last year, without public hearings or debate, a provision was slipped into the federal spending bill that allows the BLM o sell thousands of these captured wild horses for slaughter. That’s prompted horse lovers to try to save them.

19． What is the reason of the decline of the number of the wild horses? A．Climate change and human activities. B．The hunting and culling. C．Farming and industrializing. D．Mass killing caused by people.

正确答案：B

20． Whom does the provision intend to sell the wild horses for? A．Federal government. B．The horse-lovers.

C．The people who kill the wild horse. D．The native people.

正确答案：C

PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

Many Americans-perhaps most of them-aren’t ready for President Bush’s “ownership society”. The idea sounds good. Employees could shift a portion of what they pay into Social Security and put it into individual accounts that might gain higher returns in, say, the stock market. They could also reduce their tax bill by starting Health Savings Accounts, Retirement Savings Accounts, and Lifetime Savings Accounts. These options reflect a certain conservative logic. Rather than having the government or your company decide how much retirement money or healthcare you get, you can decide for yourself. “If you own something, you have a vital stake in the future of our country,” Mr. Bush explains. “The more ownership there is in

America, the more vitality there is in America.” The flaw in this logic is Americans lack of financial sophistication. For example: Less than one-quarter of working-age people characterize themselves as “knowledgeable investors,” according to surveys by John Hancock Financial Services. Even this minority shows “considerable confusion”. For example: Many surveyed thought money-market funds included stocks and bonds. That doesn’t mean Americans are stupid. They just have better things to do. “Many people don’t have the time, inclination, or expertise necessary to take full responsibility for their own well-being in areas that are so complex as assuring they have sufficient income for retirement or choosing a health plan appropriate for their circumstances”, says Robert Reischauer, president of the Urban Institute, a Washington think tank. Moreover, many Americans would have trouble reading the documents involved in such decisions. Some 44 million adults at the lowest of five levels of literacy were unable to decipher simple texts and documents, according to a decade-old survey by the Department of Education. Even the larger number of people at the next level of literacy would find financial reports and documents difficult. Because it goes to the heart of the liberal-conservative divide over the role of government, the ownership society sparks political controversy. “Boneheaded, wacky, breathtakingly threatening,” writes Greg Palast for AlterNet, a liberal website set up by the Independent Media Institute. It’s “lopping off a chunk of Social Security insurance revenue for gambling in the stock market.” On the conservative side: The ownership society “tends to encourage self-esteem and healthy habits of behavior, such as acting more for the long term, or taking education more seriously,” argues David Boaz of the Cato Institute, a libertarian think tank in Washington. But judgment doesn’t need to rely on rhetoric. The United States already has experimented with transferring the major responsibility for retirement savings from employers to employees. It’s the 401(k) plan, which got going in the 1980s. Workers are “overwhelmed” by them, argues Boston College’s Alicia Munnell, who with Annika Sunde wrote a new book, “Coming Up Short,” on these popular retirement plans. For example: Only 25 percent of eligible workers join the plan. (The Bush private accounts will be voluntary for younger workers.) Ninety percent of those participating contribute less than the maximum. Almost 60 percent of participants have undiversified portfolios, with almost all their money in stocks, or in bonds and other fixed-income investments. About 20 percent of 401 (k) assets are invested in the stock of the company employing the workers-risky indeed, as Enron employees found out. Hardly any participants take time to rebalance their portfolios as they age or the market changes. About 55 percent of them cash out their accumulated funds when they leave a job, instead of saving the money for retirement. The result is that those currently approaching retirement (aged 55 to 64) have, on average, about $50,000 in their 401(k) plans. That’s only enough to generate $300 a month-little to top up the $900 average Social Security payment.

21． In the last 9th and 8th paragraph, it seems that “liberal and libertarian” thinkings of the issue______.

A．are the same

B．are contradictory to each other

C．both belong to the conservative side D．tend to encourage self-esteem

正确答案：B

解析：根据倒数第八、九段，我们对“liberal”和“libertarian”两种观念有何判断?“liberal”指“自由主义的”，在政治上属于自由主义阵营，而“libertarian”则是“自由意志主义的”；是保守主义阵营。以罗斯福新政为典型的美国自由主义传统上注重政府的作用，主张政府对社会经济事务的适当干预，因而在本文中反对将社会保障收入拿到股票市场进行“赌博”。保守主义历来强调个人自由以及自由企业制度，在本文中鼓吹所谓“所有权社会”(ownership society)，认为有利于人们建立自尊，依循健康的行为守则，更加着眼于长远，以及更加注重教育。

22． In the 7th paragraph, “many people don’t have the time, inclination, or expertise necessary to take full responsibility for their own well-being in areas that are so complex as assuring they have sufficient income for retirement or choosing a health plan

A．many people are not knowledgeable investors

B．it’s vitally important for people to have sufficient income for retirement

C．Bush’s “ownership society” appeal is not practical for many ordinary Americans

D．retirement benefits have nothing to do with healthcare on this issue

正确答案：D

解析：从第七段的这句引文可以得出什么结论?从原文“These options reflect…you can decide for yourself.”可以看出，“所有权社会”主张的措施就是公民将原先支付社会保障的资金转移到个人账户，可以获得减税的激励；这样个人对自己的退休金及医疗保障承担主要责任，从而减轻政府管理社会保障项目必须承担的开支。

23． Bush’s logic behind his idea of “ownership society” includes all of the following elements EXCEPT that______.

A．individual accounts might gain higher returns

B．rather than having the government or your company decide how much retirement money or healthcare you get, you can decide for yourself

C．the more ownership there is in America, the more security there is in America D．the ownership society “tends to encourage self-esteem and healthy habits of behavior, such as acting more for the long term, or taking education more seriously”

正确答案：C

解析：布什“所有权社会”的主张背后的逻辑依据不包括以下哪一选项?布什的观点是“the more ownership there is in America，the more vitality there is in America.”这强调“所有权社会”能够激发个人的主动精神，从而激发整个美国

社会的活力。

24． In the actual execution of the “ownership society” plan ______. A．people showed great zeal

B．people showed great expertise in handling their accounts C．most people diversified their portfolios

D．this plan could hardly cover the Social Security payment of those currently approaching retirement (aged 55 to 64)

正确答案：C

解析：在布什“所有权社会”计划实施过程中出现了哪些情况?对这一计划实际参与情况的调查显示60%的参与者没有多元化的投资组合，甚至有20%的参与401(k)计划的资产是投资于雇员自身所在公司的股票，而这是风险很大的。这些都表明参与者的投资水平很令人担忧。

25． Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．A large portion of working-age people characterize themselves as “knowledgeable investors.

B．About a quarter of Americans find it difficult to read financial reports and documents.

C．There is political disagreement about the “ownership society”. D．The author seems to feel optimistic about this plan.

正确答案：C

解析：根据本文，下面哪个叙述是真实的?全篇文章讨论的是这一计划可能存在的一些问题，所以引发了分歧。

Who’s to blame for the approximately $2 a gallon most Americans paid for gasoline on their Thanksgiving Day travels? To quote Pogo, the key character in that old comic strip, “We have met the enemy and he is us.” Over the past 24 years, United States foreign policy has discouraged several oil-exporting nations from adding to their capacity to produce more oil, says A.F. Alhajji, an economist at Ohio Northern University in Ada. The result has been a decline in the excess capacity of OPEC as a group. This means there is less ability for oil producers to counter upward price pressures from the growing demand for petroleum from China and India, or from short-term problems, such as the bombing of pipelines in Iraq, hurricane damage to wells in the Gulf of Mexico, and political turmoil in Nigeria or other oil-exporting nations. For various foreign-policy reasons, the US has imposed sanctions on Iran, Iraq, Sudan, Libya, and Burma (Myanmar). This step has prompted American and sometimes foreign oil companies to pull out of or stay away from these nations. Without foreign investment, the countries could not boost oil output Capacity as much-a situation that still has a lingering effect on production. Although proclaiming its neutrality in the 1980-88 war between Iran and Iraq, the US at times helped both sides militarily. Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and some other Arab Middle East

nations assisted Iraq financially during the war. As a result, they had less money to develop their oil fields. Saudi Arabia and Kuwait produce less oil today than they did in the 1970s. Iran’s oil development stalled. The war “drained the financial resources of the whole area”, Mr. Alhajji says. Iran, which prior to its 1979 revolution produced 6 million barrels a day, pumps oil today at a rate of only 3.9 million b.p.d. The latest damage to world capacity, perhaps temporary, resulted from the US invasion of Iraq. Iraq pumped 3.8 million b.p.d in 1979 before its war with Iran and 3 million b.p.d before the US moved into Baghdad last year. Nowadays, it produces between 2 million and 2.5 million b.p.d. Alhajji, a Syrian-American, maintains this decline in excess world oil production capacity has resulted in a rise in prices from around $10 a barrel in 1999 to $35 in 2000 to between $49 and $55 today. The higher prices could last. History indicates it takes at least three years for a nation’s oil output to recover fully from a war or other severe disturbances, Alhajji says. He points to the wars in Iraq, Iran, and Kuwait over the past two decades, as well as the difficulty Russia faced in its transition to a market-based economy after the breakup of the Soviet Union. Because of the present situation in Iraq, Alhajji doubts that country can reach 5 million b.p.d by 2010, as some interim Iraqi leaders have claimed. The failure to boost Iraq oil production quickly means the US will face additional costs of reconstruction in Iraq. One of the Bush administration’s best postwar decisions, Alhajji says, was to invest $2.3 billion to rehabilitate the Iraqi oil sector and employ an overwhelming force of soldiers and private contractors to protect the oil facilities. That protection combined with higher oil prices has given Iraq a large windfall in revenues. Another positive note for Iraq: Last week the world’s leading industrial nations agreed to cancel 80 percent of the nearly $39 billion debt owed them by Iraq. But Iraq still owes Saudi Arabia and other Arab nations even more from the Iran-Iraq War-money that could have been used to raise their ability to produce more oil. Today’s higher oil prices, meanwhile, will seriously damage the world’s economy, some economists predict. Higher prices in 2005 will cost the US 0.7 percent of gross domestic product, the Euro zone 1.1 percent, and Japan 0.9 percent, according to Philip Verleger Jr., an economist with the Institute for International Economics in Washington. That’s a sizable blow. In the past, sharp rises in oil prices were followed by recessions in the US, such as those in the 1970s, 1991, and 2001. But it is different today, Alhajji argues. In the 1970s, US government expenditures were decreasing. Now, federal spending is increasing rapidly. Defense and security outlays are bigger. Monetary policy remains easy, despite recent small jumps in short-term interest rates. Moreover, the depreciation of the dollar versus the euro and the yen means that the rising dollar price of oil is not a big burden for Europe or Japan. Another factor is that real per capita income in the US has increased faster than oil prices. While Americans could buy with their annual income around 500 barrels of oil between 1974 and 1986, they can, on average, buy 800 barrels now. Americans, Alhajji says, can therefore afford $2.50 a gallon for gasoline. Their higher incomes compensate for any negative effect of high oil prices. In constant prices, oil is cheaper today than the $60 a barrel in 1981, after the Iranian revolution. As for the months ahead, Alhajji expects the fluctuation of oil prices

to depend on whether the US and other oil importing nations face a hard or a mild winter. If it’s tough, prices could rise even further, he says.

26． Which of the following statements is TURE according to the author? A．Today’s higher oil prices could bring the US economy into deep recessions. B．Today’s higher oil prices will seriously damage the world’s economy. C．The higher oil prices could be soon over.

D．The US maintained its neutrality in the 1980-88 war between Iran and Iraq.

正确答案：B

解析：根据作者的观点，下列判断何为正确?石油价格上涨会危害世界经济的健康发展，但不会像70年代的石油危机那样将美国及西方各国经济拖入萧条。和70年代不同，目前美国联邦开支迅速增长，主要是国防与安全费用比以往增加许多：货币政策整体仍然保持宽松，尽管短期利率最近有小幅度的上扬。此外，美元对欧元及曰元贬值，也使得以美元计价的石油价格上涨不会对欧洲与日本造成太大负担。另一个因素就是实际的美国人均收入水平增长快于石油价格的增长，使得普通美国民众能够承担目前的油价水平，从而抵消了油价上涨带来的负面影响。

27． Which of the following is the immediate cause for the rise of oil prices? A．A decline in the excess capacity of OPEC as a group. B．The failure to boost Iraq oil production quickly. C．United States foreign policy.

D．The bombing of pipelines in Iraq.

正确答案：A

解析：油价上涨的直接原因是什么?导致油价上涨的直接原因就是OPEC组织各国整体超 额生产能力不足。所谓“超额生产能力”，就是指石油生产国在面临石油价格上涨的情况下，超额生产以回应石油市场的需求增长。

28． “In constant prices, oil is cheaper today than the $60 a barrel in 1981, after the Iranian revolution.” In the last paragraph, this means all of the following EXCEPT that ______.

A．today’s oil price is around $60 a barrel B．in 1981, the oil price reached $60 a barrel

C．in comparison with those in 1981, today’s oil prices imposes a smaller threat D．with $60, you could buy more in 1981

正确答案：B

解析：最后一段这句引文有如下含义，排除错误的选项。这句意思是，以不变价格计，今天的石油价格如果放在1981年，即伊朗伊斯兰革命爆发之后的一段油价暴涨的时期，两相比较，今天的石油价格水平要便宜许多。

29． According to the author, which of the following is not among the causes that lead to the failure of some key oil-producing countries to boost their oil output capacity?

A．The US has imposed sanctions on Iran, Iraq, Sudan, Libya, and Burma (Myanmar).

B．The US at times helped both sides militarily in the 1980-88 war between Iran and Iraq.

C．The United States forced several oil-exporting nations to stop adding to their capacity to produce more oil.

D．The war between Iran and Iraq “drained the financial resources of the whole area.”

正确答案：C 解析：根据作者的观点，导致主要产油国无法提高产出量的原因哪项不正确。美国并未明确禁止各主要产油国增产，但它的外交政策造成的实际后果使得各国无力增产，对伊朗、伊拉克、苏丹、利比亚、缅甸等国实施的贸易制裁也促使美国及其他国家的石油公司撤出这些石油资源丰富的国家，缺乏外国投资，这些国家无法提高石油产量，这一情况产生的影响一直持续至今。

30． Which of the following factors, combined with today’s higher oil prices, will probably lead to another recession?

A．Monetary policy remains easy. B．Interest rates remains low. C．A hard winter.

D．Government expenditures decrease.

正确答案：D

解析：下列哪一个因素，再加上目前油价上涨的影响，就极有可能导致经济陷入又一次衰退?严冬可能会造成油价进一步上涨，但油价在目前高水平上的上涨，不至于造成经济衰退。而由实际经济状况导致的美国国内经济政策的改变，如政府紧缩财政开支等，则会对目前经济造成较大的负面影响。

We are scattered now, the friends of the late Mr. Oliver Offord; but whenever we chance to meet I think we are conscious of a certain esoteric respect for each other. “Yes, you too have been in Arcadia”, we seem not too grumpily to allow. When I pass the house in Mansfield Street I remember that Arcadia was there. I don’t know who has it now, and don’t want to know; it’s enough to be so sure that if I should ring the bell there would be no such luck for me as that Brooksmith should open the door. Mr. Offord, the most agreeable, the most attaching of bachelors, was a retired diplomatist, living on his pension and on something of his own over and above; a good deal confined, by his infirmities, to his fireside and delighted to be found there any afternoon in the year, from five o’lock on, by such visitors as Brooksmith allowed to come up. Brooksmith was his butler and his most intimate friend, to whom we all stood, or I should say sat, in the same relation in which the subject of the sovereign

finds himself to the prime minister. By having been for years, in foreign lands, the most delightful Englishman any one had ever known, Mr. Offord had in my opinion rendered signal service to his country. But I suppose he had been too much liked liked even by those who didn’t like IT-so that as people of that sort never get titles or dotations for the horrid things they’ve NOT done, his principal reward was simply that we went to see him. Oh, we went perpetually, and it was not our fault if he was not overwhelmed with this particular honour. Any visitor who came once came again; to come merely once was a slight nobody; I’m sure, had ever put upon him. His circle therefore was essentially composed of habitues, who were habitues for each other as well as for him, as those of a happy salon should be. I remember vividly every element of the place, down to the intensely Londonish look of the grey opposite houses, in the gap of the white curtains of the high windows, and the exact spot where, on a particular afternoon, I put down my tea-cup for Brooksmith, lingering an instant, to gather it up as if he were plucking a flower. Mr. Offord’s drawing-room was indeed Brooksmith’s garden, his pruned and tended human parterre, and if we all flourished there and grew well in our places it was largely owing to his supervision. Many persons have heard much, though most have doubtless seen little, of the famous institution of the salon, and many are born to the depression of knowing that this finest flower of social life refuses to bloom where the English tongue is spoken. The explanation is usually that our women have not the skill to cultivate it the art to direct through a smiling land, between suggestive shores, a sinuous stream of talk. My affectionate, my pious memory of Mr. Offord contradicts this induction only, ! fear, more insidiously to confirm it. The sallow and slightly smoked drawing-room in which he spent so large a portion of the last years of his life certainly deserved the distinguished name; but on the other hand it couldn’t be said at all to owe its stamp to any intervention throwing into relief the fact that there Was no Mrs. Offord. The dear man had indeed, at the most, been capable of one of those sacrifices to which women are deemed peculiarly apt: he had recognised-under the influence, in some degree, it is true, of physical infirmity that if you wish people to find you at home you must manage not to be out. He had in short accepted the truth which many dabblers in the social art are slow to learn, that you must really, as they say, take a line, and that the only way as yet discovered of being at home is to stay at home. Finally his own fireside had become a summary of his habits. Why should he ever have left it? Since this would have been leaving what was notoriously pleasantest in London, the compact charmed cluster (thinning away indeed into casual couples) round the fine old last-century chimney-piece which, with the exception of the remarkable collection of miniatures, was the best thing the place contained. Mr. Offord wasn’t rich; he had nothing but his pension and the use for life of the somewhat superannuated house.

31． It was a ______ place we found in Mr. Offord’s house. A．gloomy B．delightful C．horrid

D．foreign

正确答案：B

解析：奥弗德先生那里是个有趣的地方。文章开头两次提到Arcadia，那么Arcadia是什么呢?“A region of ancient Greece in the Peloponnesus．Its inhabitants．relatively isolated from the rest of the known civilized world，proverbially lived a simple，pastoral life.”世外桃源之意。从这个词中也可看出奥弗德先生那里给到访的人极大的乐趣。当然文章其他地方线索更加明显。

32． According to the text______.

A．there was a garden in Mr. Offord’s drawing-room

B．Mr. Offord was completely under the control of Brooksmith C．Brooksmith took good care of Mr. Offord’s guests D．I never took any notice of Brooksmith’s efforts

正确答案：C

解析：根据文中选择正确的判断。“Mr. Offord’s drawing-room was…to his supervision.”这题主要考对第二段最后两句的理解。这里将奥弗德先生的起居室比作布鲁克史密斯的花园，来客构成了一个花圃，经他精心修剪和照料，让我们得以度过一段快乐的时光，使得小小的沙龙充满活力。而那间起居室每一细节我至今仍历历在目。我甚至记得某日午后我将茶杯放在哪个地方，因为我特意就待在一边，等着布鲁克史密斯过一会儿过来将它像摘一朵花似的收拾走。

33． In this text, the author seems to be implying that______. A．the Englishmen usually are not good at their social life

B．English women have the skill to cultivate an amiable air which facilitates a social gathering

C．Brooksmith used to tend his garden and the guests at the same time D．Mr. Offord was a healthy man

正确答案：A

解析：在这段文字中，作者似乎暗示。“many are born to the depression of knowing that this finest flower of social life refuses to bloom where the English tongue is spoken.”在很多人固有的认识里，总觉得在用英语交谈的地方，不大可能令社交活动格外富有生气。

34． “The dear man had indeed, at the most, been capable of one of those sacrifices to which women are deemed peculiarly apt: ...” what is this one sacrifice?

A．A weak body. B．A tender heart.

C．A tendancy to stay more at home. D．An easy way to host a party.

正确答案：C

解析：这句话中所说的那一种“牺牲”为何物?所渭的“牺牲”，只是，这位先生至多不过是能够像妇人那样，作出他们特别地容易做到的种种牺牲之一：他认识到——自然在某种程度上是受病体的影响——如果你希望人们在你家里找到你，你必须能够做到不要出门。

35． “... but on the other hand it couldn’t be said at all to owe its stamp to any intervention throwing into relief the fact that there was no Mrs. Offord.” What can we see from this sentence?

A．No other person can take the place of Mrs. Offord.

B．If somebody had intervened at one of Mrs. Offord’s party, he would have thrown Mrs. Offord into relief.

C．The fact that there was no Mrs. Offord would make such an intervention very noticeable.

D．The drawing-room owe its stamp to some intervention.

正确答案：A 解析：从这句话中我们可以了解到些什么?throw into relief：to make something very noticeable(The article throws into sharp relief the differences between the two theories.)结合之前的那句话，“The sallow and slightly smoked drawing-room in which he spent so large a portion of the last years of his life certainly deserved the distinguished name”斯是陋室，却为人向往；“but on the other hand it couldn’t be said at all to owe its stamp to any intervention throwing into relief the fact that there was no．Mrs. Offord．”换句话说，它给人留下的印记不会因为任何别人的介入而存在，如果这样的介入明显地让人们看不到奥弗德先生的存在。

When Robert Shiller, a Yale economist and bestselling author, told a crowd of finance professors and economics students last spring that only 10 percent of his money was invested in stocks, they gasped. Managers might suggest anywhere from 50 to 90 percent. But 10 percent? This was heresy. How about 0 percent? That’s the share that investors should plow into domestic stocks, according to Ben Inker, director of asset allocation for Grantham, Mayo, and Van Otterloo & Co. (GMO), a money-management firm with some $85 billion in assets. Welcome to a contrarian view of today’s equity markets. A small but vocal band of heretics is calling into question not only the profit potential of stocks but also the foundation for conventional wisdom about investing. Even for those who disagree with them, their arguments serve as a reality check for the market. Are conventional portfolios really as safe as experts say? “Don’t be surprised that the Wall Street brokerage firms spend most of their time telling you that stocks are cheap,” warns Mr. Inker. “Wall Street likes the market. It likes trading. Wall Street makes a lot more money off of trading stocks than trading bonds.” The trick is to determine your portfolio’s exposure to risk, analysts say. And that depends to a surprisingly large degree-on how diversified it is and how long you’re prepared to stay the course. These are key elements of “modern portfolio theory,”, which came into being in the 1950s and eventually won its creator, Harry Markowitz, a Nobel Prize. Essentially, portfolio

theory holds that investors reap the greatest return with the least risk when they allocate their money among diverse classes of assets, hold them for the long term, and rebalance the portfolio when the various classes of assets stray too far from their original allocation. To make it work, you need to own asset classes that don’t move in lock step, make accurate estimates of their future returns, and use a very long time horizon. A miscalculation in even one of these steps, however, can seriously hurt the prospects for reaching your ultimate goal. “The long-term nature is the driving force of the portfolio,” says Jerry Korabik, vice president of Ibbotson Associates, a Chicago-based asset allocation adviser. “All of our clients are institutions, and we develop portfolios with 10-, 20-, even 30-year time horizons.” Riding the roller coaster Thus, investors should never try to get in and out of the market at specific times, the theory holds. Instead, they should ride the inevitable ebb and flow of prices. If they have allocated their money correctly, some portion of their portfolio will almost always be making money. By rebalancing their portfolios periodically-selling off some of the winning asset classes and buying more of the losers- they are continually buying low and selling high, at least in a relative sense. This buy-and-hold strategy has won over hordes of investors. The average Fidelity retirement account has nearly 60 percent of its money in stocks, a recent study found. The overall average for retirement accounts: 61 percent, according to the Employee Benefit Research Institute. Even equity allocations for college and university endowments hover around 57.1 percent, says the National Association of College and University Business Officers. The problem is that investors sometimes have to be extraordinarily patient for the strategy to pay off. In 1981, for example, the S&P 500 Index stood at the same level it first achieved in 1965. Today, the index is about 30 percent lower than its peak in 2000. Do investors really have to put up with such long periods of losses? Profits of impatience No, say a small contingent of money managers. By avoiding the stock market as their primary engine for profit during the past five years, several of these managers have posted good returns. Take the Permanent Portfolio Fund. Unlike many balanced funds, which diversify primarily between stocks and bonds, it encompasses a much wider variety of assets: 20 percent gold bullion and coins, 5 percent silver bullion and coins, 10 percent Swiss franc denominated assets (typically Swiss government bonds), 15 percent US and foreign real estate and natural-resource company stocks, 15 percent aggressive-growth stocks, and 35 percent in dollar assets (Treasury securities in varying maturities and also short-term, high-grade bonds). Over the past five years, while the S&P 500 has slipped backward, the Permanent Portfolio Fund has averaged a startling 10.1 percent growth per year. “We don’t correlate to any index because we own different assets,” says the fund’s manager, Michael Cuggino. “In markets where stocks and equities are going sideways or down, we perform very well because our diversification is much broader. If equities go gangbusters like in the 90s, clearly we are going to underperform because we won’t be totally in stocks.” Indeed, the fund lagged significantly during the boom years of the 1990s, causing average annual returns for the decade to trail the S&P 500 by four percentage points.

36． In the last paragraph, “The fund lagged significantly during the boom years of the 1990s, causing average annual returns for the decade to trail the S&P 500 by four percentage points”. We see from this sentence that______.

A．the fund’s performance during the 1990s is very poor B．the fund lost money during the 1990s

C．the fund did exceedingly well during the 1990s D．the fund’s profits were not good enough

正确答案：D

解析：我们可以从最后一段的这句话中得出伺种结论?这句话意思是，在90年代美国股市一片繁荣的时期，这家投资基金收益明显地落后于其他表现较佳的基金，平均年收益率落后标准普尔500指数4个百分点。但这样的表现应当说是“欠佳”(to underperform)，但未必“很糟”。

37． In the last 2nd paragraph, “If equities go gangbusters like in the 1990s, clearly we are going to underperform because we won’t be totally in stocks.” We know from this sentence all of the following EXCEPT that______.

A．the 1990s saw a booming stock market B．We underperformed during the 1990s C．We are not totally in stocks

D．We will change our course of action

正确答案：D 解析：我们可以从倒数第二段的这句话中得出如下的一些判断，排除错误的判断。Equitiy，即普通股和优先股，也就是上市公司股票。To go gangbusters，like gangbusters([俚语]With great impact，vigor，or zeal)意思就是行情火爆。从这句话里，我们看不出这家基金公司会改变多元化的投资策略。

38． According to “modem portfolio theory”, we should ______. A．buy one single kind of stocks

B．buy stocks whose prices fluctuates at the same pace C．never sell our stocks

D．sell stocks whose prices go relatively too high in our portfolio

正确答案：D

解析：根据“现代投资组合理论”，我们应当采取何种投资策略?现代投资组合理论认为投资者可以以最小的风险获取最大的收益——长期持有不同类型的资产，并在各种类型的资产过度偏离原始价位时调整投资组合。应当持有表现不同步的不同资产类型，并以长期的视野估量资产的未来回报。

39． The author suggest in his article that______. A．the “modem portfolio theory” works

B．trading bonds are more profitable than trading stocks in Wall Street

C．we should hold less equities than other assets D．according to “modern portfolio theory”, the longer you hold a stock, the more money you will win from it

正确答案：C

解析：作者通过文章暗示了什么?“By avoiding the stock market as their primary engine for profit during the past five years，several of these managers have. posted good returns．”这是作者试图通过一些实例来证明自己的判断，那就是一些基金经理人通过将其他市场，而非股市，作为主要的收益增长发动机，取得了良好的投资回报。

40． What attitude does the author have towards conventional portfolios? A．Skeptical, B．Scathing. C．Boastful. D．Detached.

正确答案：D

解析：作者对传统股票和证券投资的态度如何?作者尽管在文章中使用了不少的问句，但主要是设问的意味更多，并不表明其怀疑态度。总的看来，对传统投资方式，其态度还算客观。

PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.

41． ______ describes in detail a communist society. A．Robin Hood B．Vanity Fair C．Utopia

D．The Waste Land

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查英国文学作品知识。《乌托邦》(Utopia)是英国著名作家托马斯·莫尔的代表作，“乌托邦”是拉丁文，意思是不存在的地方。《乌托邦》详细描绘了一个理想的共产主义社会。

42． The U.S. is known as a great “melting pot” because ______. A．the weather in most part of land is hot B．the land has several famous volcanoes

C．its people are of different nationalities from all over the world D．its people are very friendly

正确答案：C 解析：本题考查美国文化生活知识。美国被视为一个大熔炉(the melting pot)，

来自不同国家、文化、种族的人群聚在一起。

43． Close by Westminster Abbey on the riverside stands the Palace of Westminster, generally known as the ______.

A．House of Parliament B．National Gallery C．British Museum D．Castle

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查英国文化生活知识。威斯敏斯特宫(Palace of Westminster)又称国会大厦(Houses of Parliament)，是英国国会(包括上议院和下议院)的所在地，是哥特复兴式建筑的代表作之一，1987年被列为世界文化遗产。

44． The official residence of the ______ is at number 10 Downing Street, London.

A．British Prime Minister B．British Prince C．British Queen D．British Duke

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查英国文化生活知识。伦敦唐宁街10号是英国首相的官邸。

45． “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” is an epigrammatic line by ______.

A．Ｊ. Keats B．Ｗ. Blake C．Ｐ.Ｂ. Shelley D．Ｗ. Wordsworth

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查英国文学作品知识。著名诗句“既然冬天已经到来，难道春天还会远吗?”出自波西·比希·雪莱(P.B.Shelley)的《西风颂》(Ode to the West Wind)。

46． The most obvious and rapid change in the development of a language takes place in the area of

A．pronunciation B．vocabulary C．grammar D．speech

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查语言学知识。语言中发展变化最明显和迅速的是词汇方面。 47． The famous spy story books about the hero James Bond(007) are written by ______.

A．Agatha Christie B．Dorothy Sayers C．Ian Fleming D．Conan Doyle

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查英国文学作品知识。英国悬念小说大师伊恩·弗莱明(Ian Fleming)是关于英雄詹姆斯·邦德(James Bond)007系列小说的作者，1908年生于英国，1931年作为路透社记者，到苏联、法国、葡萄牙等地作间谍案件的报道工作。

48． The Chamberlain’s Men, in Shakespeare’s time, were a remarkable group of people-excellent ______ who were also business partners and close personal friends.

A．actors B．students C．teachers D．writers

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查英国文学知识。宫内大臣供奉剧团(Chamberlain’s Men)是16世纪后半叶伦敦最重要的剧团，1603年改为由国王赞助，称为“国王供奉剧团”，莎士比亚一生大部分时间与该剧团保持着密切练习。

49． In the idiom “in good feather”, we change “good” into “high, full” without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as ______.

A．addition B．replacement C．position-shifting D．variation

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查语言学知识。习语“in good feather”意为“精神焕发，兴高采烈”，将“good”改为“high，full”不会改变其意思，这一要素的变化称为“替换(replacement)”。

50． The word “aconic” is ______. A．onomatopoeically motivated B．morphologically motivated C．semantically motivated D．etymologically motivated

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查词汇学知识。“aconic”一词可从语源学上解释。

PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:(1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.(2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write t

The study of philosophies should make our own ideas flexible. We are all of us apt to make 【M1】______ certain general ideas for granted, and call them common sense. We should learn that other people have held quite different ideas, but that our own have started as very original guesses of philosophers. 【M2】______ A scientist is apt to think that all the problems of philosophy will ultimately be solved by science. I think this is true for a great many of the questions in which philosophers still argue. 【M3】______ For example, Plato thought that when we saw something, one ray of light came to it from the sun, and the other from our eyes and that seeing was something like feeling with a stick. 【M4】______ We now know that the light comes from the sun, and is reflected into our eyes. We don’t know in much detail how the changes in our eyes give to sensation. But there is every, 【M5】______ reason to think that as we learn more about the physiology of the brain, we shall do so, and that the great philosophical problems about knowledge are going to be pretty full cleared up. 【M6】______ But if our descendants know the answers to these questions and others that perplex us today, there would still be one field of which they do not know, namely the future. 【M7】______While exact our science, we cannot know it as we know the past. 【M8】______ Philosophy may be described as argument about things of which we are ignorant. And where science gives us a hope of knowledge it is often reasonable to suspend judgment. That is one reason 【M9】______ that Marx and Engels quite rightly wrote to many philosophical problems that interested in 【M10】______ their contemporaries.

51． 【M1】

正确答案：make→take

解析：固定搭配错误。原句的意思是“我们总是认为一些为人们普遍接受的观点是理所当然的事情”，此处所用的短语是take sth. for granted“想当然”，句中动同应该用take而不是make，没有make sth. for granted这一用法。

52． 【M2】

正确答案：but→and

解析：语义逻辑错误。原句的意思是“我们应该知道其他人有不同的观点，还应该知道我们自己的观点来自于哲学家最初的推测”，句中learn“知道”后面引导两个宾语从句，这两个宾语从句之间没有转折之义，而是并列关系，所以应该把but改为and。

53． 【M3】

正确答案：in→on/about

解析：介词误用。此处的意思是“事实上，在很多问题上哲学家们依旧存有争议”，argue on/about sth. 意思是“对……有争论”，本句中argue后搭配的介词前移到定语从句的关系代词which前，没有argue in这一固定搭配，故此处应改为on或about。

54． 【M4】

正确答案：the other→another

解析：代词错误。原句意思是“一束光线来自于太阳，另一束光线来自于眼睛”，the other表示的是两个中的另外一个，another表示的多个中的一个，原文中没有特指是两个中的一个，所以此处应该把the other改为another。

55． 【M5】

正确答案：give ∧ to→rise

解析：固定搭配错误。原句的意思是“我们不是非常了解眼中的变化如何引起了感觉”，give rise to“导致、引起”，是固定搭配，此处缺少名词rise，缺词后的意思与原句不符，应添加rise。

56． 【M6】

正确答案：full→fully 解析：词性错误。原句中的意思是“有关知识的哲学问题被完全解决”，pretty full在句中修饰cleared up，故应用full的副词形式fully。

57． 【M7】

正确答案：would→will

解析：情态动词错误。原句是由if引导的从句，从句用一般现在时，主句应该是will引导的一般将来时，此处没有虚拟的意思，所以不必用虚拟语气的引导词would，应将would改为will。

58． 【M8】

正确答案：While→However

解析：语义逻辑错误。原句的意思是“无论科学多么精确，我们都不能像了解过去一样熟知未来”，此处不是转折关系，而是条件关系，表示“无论”，while没有这个意思，故改为however。

59． 【M9】

正确答案：that→why

解析：关系副词错误。原句意思是“这就是Marx和Engels对许多同时代人感兴趣的哲学问题进行阐释的原因”，reason后面跟的是其定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作状语，因此应该改为关系副词why，that引导定语从句时不能在定语从句中作状语。

60． 【M10】

正确答案：interested in→去掉in

解析：介词冗余。原句意思是“很多哲学问题依然让同时代的人感兴趣”，此处interest是及物动词，表示“使某人感兴趣”，不用再添加介词in。

PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHDirections: Translate the following text into English.

61． 是的，北平是个都城，而能有好多自己产生的花、菜、水果，这就是人更接近了自然。从它里面 说，它没有象伦敦的那些成天冒烟的工厂；从外面说，它紧连着园林、菜圃、与农村。采菊东篱下， 在这里，确是可以悠然见南山的；大概把“南”变成个“西”和“北”，也没有多少了不得的吧。像 我这样的一个贫寒的人，或者只是在北平能享受一点清福了。好，不再说了吧；要落泪了，真想念北平呀!

正确答案： The city of Peking brings its inhabitants into closer contact with nature by growing flowers, vegetables and fruits in large quantities. The city proper is not polluted by factory chimneys such as those in London giving off volumes of smoke all day long. On the our skirts of the city lie numerous flower gardens, vegetable farms and villagers. An ancient Chinese poet by the name of Tao Yuanming says aptly in one of his famous poems, “Plucking chrysanthemums under the eastern hedge, I calmly view the southern halls. To adapt it to life in Peking, I might as well substitute the word “western” or “northern” for the word “southern” in the line. Peking is probably the only place for a man with limited means like me to live an easy and enjoyable life in. Now, let me put aside writing for a while; I am on the verge of shedding tears. How I miss Peking!

解析： 译文使用了词语省略、词语转换等翻译技巧。该文段是一段描写都城北平的散文，字里行间流露出作者对北平的怀念之情，文风温和柔美，翻译

时应尽量将其还原。文字显得比较口语，更像是对朋友娓娓道来的一番感慨的话；文中引用了诗句，是翻译的一个难点。 1．第一句巧妙地把句子顺序稍作调整，原句包含了几个小分句，英文把各个分句归为一个整体句。 2．“是的”在英文中没有翻译，如果直译出来并无实质的意义。这就是人更接近了自然：译文没有把“人”字直接翻译为person或people，因为必须要先理解作者在此处的人是特指北平城内的居民，翻译为inhabitants是很恰当的。 3．第二句是两个并列分句，“里面”和“外面”分别指“城内”和“城外”，应避免仅从字面上翻译。 4．第三句引用了“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”的诗句，翻译应遵从精简意译的原则，“悠然”翻译为calmly。后半分句中“南”、“西”和“北”在翻译时增加了“the words”，因为此处是表示这几个表示方位的字，而不是仅表示方向。 5．一个贫寒的人：如果译为a poor man不符合作者的意思，因此处理为a man with limited means。享受一点清福：翻译为live an easy and enjoyable life，没有使用任何难词并且意思到位。 6．不要再说：此处不是真的说话，而应该是写作，所以“说”译为writing。

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESEDirections: Translate the following text into Chinese.

62． We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or ploughed the field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest ill s in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, hut they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized.

正确答案：我们不晓得是谁接好了第一条断腿，又是谁使第一艘船舶下海，也不晓得是谁最早算出了一年的时间之长，又是谁最先学会在田地里种地，但是我们对那些杀戮者和破坏者却熟悉得很。人们认为他们了不起，甚至在全世界各大城市里所有最高的石柱上都能看到征服者、将军或军人的雕像。而我则认为，多数人以为那些在战争中打败过最多的国家，且以征服者的地位统治这些国家的国家是最伟大的。很可能它们是伟大的，但它们却并非是最文明的国家。动物互相格斗，野蛮人也互相厮杀。所以善于打仗也只是擅长于动物或野蛮人之所长，而这并不算是文明。

解析：本篇翻译使用了顺译、增词、断句、词语转换等技巧。原文是有关人类文明发展的社科文章，句子结构多变，建议多读几遍原文，因为有些句子的意思不是很好理解。对原句中省略的成分，汉语中应将意思补充完整。 1．第一句难点在who引导的宾语从句，first作副词修饰从句包含的4个并列短语，翻译时以顺译的方法，原句中出现了3个or，汉语表达应适当变化，如“又是”、“也不”等表达方式。汉语中first的意思灵活处理为“第一”、“最早”、“最先”等表述，ploughed the field：在田地里种地。know all about：对……熟悉得很。 2．think a great deal of：非常看重，对……评价很好。 3．most people believe...as

conquerors：原句较长，翻译时不宜按照原句格式一译到底。 4．It is just possible they are：省略了great，汉语中增译了“伟大的”。 5．Animals fight；so do savages：原句用词精简，翻译为汉语时使用增译的方法，译为“动物互相格斗，野蛮人也互相厮杀”。 6．最后一个分句初看有点不好理解，“the way in which an animal or a savage is good”理解为“动物和野蛮人所擅长的方式”，善于打仗就是擅长于这样一种方式。

PART VI WRITING (45 MIN)Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic.

63． According to statistics, women on the job market make, on average, 75 cents for every dollar men make for the equivalent jobs. The wage gap between men and women has been existed for long and will continue to exist. What is your opinion of the phenomenon? Write an essay of about 400 words entitled: Sexism at Job Market In the first part of your essay you should state your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

正确答案： Sexism at Job Market The great principle of equality has been so thoroughly put into practice in China today. But in many places women are still denied the right to compete with men for jobs on equal terms and to receive equal payment at their jobs. Even though entry-level salaries for males and females in the same occupation are nearly equal because woman’s education and skills have improved vastly, the chances of the overall wage gap closing in the foreseeable future are minimal. This is due to several factors that are likely to change very slowly. An important reason is that women are concentrated in occupations—service and clerical—that pay less than traditional male jobs. Even in comparable jobs, it is possible that more women than men in their twenties are hesitant to commit themselves to the job that often demands overtime or traveling outside on business.Although great strides have been made in achieving greater equality for women in the past decades,their role in the family remains basically unchanged. The double burden of work inside and outside the homerenders them impossible to make full use of their talents and difficult to rise to position of leadership. Forexample, women often drop out at critical points in their careers to have a family. Women still have the primary responsibility for child-rearing; even if they continue to work, they often forgo overtime and promotions that would conflict with home responsibilities. The ages of 25 to 35 have been shown repeatedly to be the period when working consistently and hard is vital to advancement and job security. These are precisely the years when women are likely to have children and begin to slide away from men in earning power, consequently, a woman’s income is more likely to be seen as secondary to her husband’s. Another significant factor in the wage gap between

men and women is a lingering attitude on people’s mind that men are superior to women. Men’s resistance to women’s equality arises partly from their awareness that what the male does is no longer indispensable or frequently successful in all the fields you care to name and that men will be beaten in real competition. Taking into account all the relevant factors which affect and contribute to the current situation, we may safely conclude that we won’t make a dent in the attainment of women’s social status and their equal opportunities in every field, if they cannot be released from busy housework and men can not give them enough respect.