Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to jump to conclusions upon seeing or hearing something. You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A．, B), C． and D．, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on ,Answer Shoot 1 with a single line through the centre.
1. A．College tuition has become a heavy burden for the students. B．College students are in general politically active nowadays. C． He is doubtful about the effect of the students' action. D． He took part in many protests when he was at college. 2. A．Jay is organizing a party for the retiring dean. C． The dean will come to Jay's birthday party. B．Jay is surprised to learn of the party for him. D． The class has kept the party a secret from Jay. 3. A．He found his wallet in his briefcase. C． He left his things with his car in the garage. B．He went to the lost-and-found office. D． He told the woman to go and pick up his car. 4. A．The show he directed turned out to be a success. C．New comedies are exciting, just like those in the 1960s. B．He watches only those comedies by famous directors. D．TV comedies have not improved much since the 1960s. 5. A．All vegetables should be cooked fresh. C． Overcooked vegetables are often tasteless. B．The man should try out some new recipes. D． The man should .stop boiling the vegetables. 6. A．Sort out their tax returns. C． Figure out a way to avoid taxes. B．Help them tidy up the house. D． Help them to decode a message. 7. A．He didn't expect to complete his work so soon. C． The woman is still trying to finish her work. B．He has devoted a whole month to his research. D． The woman remains a total mystery to him. 8. A．He would like to major in psychology too. C． Developmental psychology is newly offered. B．He has failed to register for the course. D． There should be more time for registration. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9. A．The brilliant product design. C． The unique craftsmanship. B．The new color combinations. D． The texture of the fabrics. 10. A．Unique tourist attractions. C． Local handicrafts. B．Traditional Thai silks. D． Fancy products. 11. A．It will be on the following weekend. C． It will last only one day. B．It will be out into the countryside. D． It will start tomorrow. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A．A good secondary education. C． A happy childhood. B．A pleasant neighbourhood. D． A year of practical training. 13. A．He ought to get good vocational training. C． He is academically gifted. B．He should be sent to a private school. D． He is good at carpentry. 14.A．Donwell School. B．Enderby High. C． Carlton Abbey D． Enderby Comprehensive. 15. A．Put Keith in a good boarding school. C． Send their children to a better private school. B．Talk with their children about their decision. D． Find out more about the five schools. Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B ), C ) and D ). Then mark the corresponding letter on Ansewer Sheet 1 with a single line
through the centre. Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage yon have just heard.
16. A．It will be brightly lit. C． It will have a large space for storage. B．It will be well ventilated. D． It will provide easy access to the disabled. 17. A．On the first floor. C． Opposite to the library. B．On the ground floor. D． On the same floor as the labs. 18. A．To make the building appear traditional. C． To cut the construction cost to the minimum. B．To match the style of construction on the site. D． To embody the subcommittee's design concepts. Passage Two
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. A．Sell financial software. C． Write financial software. B．Train clients to use financial software. D． Conduct research on financial software. 20.A．Unsuccessful. B．Tedious. C． Rewarding. D． Important. 21. A．He offered online tutorials. C． He gave the trainees lecture notes. B．He held group discussions. D． He provided individual support. 22. A．The employees were a bit slow to follow his instruction. B．The trainees' problems had to be dealt with one by one.
C．Nobody is able to solve all the problems in a couple of weeks. D．The fault might lie in his style of presenting the information. Passage Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23. A．Their parents tend to overprotect them. C． They have little close contact with adults. B．Their teachers meet them only in class. D． They rarely read any books about adults. 24. A．Real-life cases are simulated for students to learn law. C．Opportunities are created for children to become writers. B．Writers and lawyers are brought in to talk to students. D ．More Teacher and Writer Collaboratives are being set up. 25. A. Sixth-graders can teach first-graders as well as teachers. B. Children are often the best teachers of other children. C. Paired Learning cultivates the spirit of cooperation. D. Children like to form partnerships with each other. Section C
Directions..In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Tests may be the most unpopular part of academic life. Students hate them because they produce fear and (26) __________ about being evaluated, and a focus on grades instead of learning for learning’s sake.
But tests are also valuable. A well-constructed test (27) __________ what you know and what you still need to learn. Tests help you see how your performance (28) __________ that of others. And knowing that you’ll be tested on (29) __________ material is certainly likely to (30) __________ you to learn the material more thoroughly.
However, there’s another reason you might dislike tests: You may assume that tests have the power to (31) __________ your worth as a person. If you do badly on a test, you may be tempted to believe that you’ve received some (32) __________ information about yourself from the professor, information that says you’re a failure in some significant way.
This is a dangerous—and wrong-headed—assumption. If you do badly on a test, it doesn’t mean you’re a bad person or stupid. Or that you’ll never do better again, and that your life is (33) __________. If you don't do well on a test, you’re the same person you were before you took the test—no better, no worse. You just did badly on a test. That’s it.
(34) __________, tests are not a measure of your value as an individual—they are a measure only of how well and how much you studied. Tests are tools; they are indirect and (35) __________ measures of what we know.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through care fully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
For investors who desire low risk and guaranteed income, U.S. government bonds are a secure investment because these bonds have the financial backing and full faith and credit of the federal government. Municipal bonds, also secure, are offered by local governments and often have ___36___ such as tax-free interest. Some may even be ___37___. Corporate bonds are a bit more risky.
Two questions often ___38___ first-time corporate bond investors. The first is “If I purchase a corporate bond, do I have to hold it until the maturity date?” The answer is no. Bonds are bought and sold daily on ___39___ securities exchanges. However, if you decide to sell your bond before its maturity date, you’re not guaranteed to get the face value of the bond. For example, if your bond does not have ___40___ that make it attractive to other investors, you may be forced to sell your bond at a ___41___, i.e., a price less than the bond’s face value. But if your bond is highly valued by other investors, you may be able to sell it at a premium, i.e., a price above its face value. Bond prices generally ___42___ inversely (相反地) with current market interest rates. As interest rates go up, bond prices fall, and vice versa(反之亦然). Thus, like all investments, bonds have a degree of risk.
The second question is “How can I ___43___ the investment risk of a particular bond issue?” Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s Investors Service rate the level of risk of many corporate and government bonds. And ___44___, the higher the market risk of a bond, the higher the interest rate. Investors will invest in a bond considered risky only if the ___45___ return is high enough. A) advantages D) conserved G) embarrass J) indefinite M) naturally B) assess E) deduction H) features K) insured N) potential C) bother F) discount I) fluctuate L) major O) simultaneously
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the in formation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Lessons From a Feminist Paradise
A． On the surface, Sweden appears to be a feminist paradise. Look at any global survey of gender equalityand Sweden will be near the top. Family-friendly policies are its norm--with 16 months of paid parent all eave, special protections for part-time workers, and state-subsidized preschools where, according to a government website, \"gender-awareness education is increasingly common.\" Due to an unofficial quota system, women hold 45 percent of positions in the Swedish parliament. They have enjoyed the protection of government agencies with titles like the Ministry of Integration and Gender Equality and the Secretariat of Gender Research. So why are American women so far ahead of their Swedish counterparts in breaking through the glass ceiling?
B．In a 2012 report, the World Economic Forum found that when it comes to closing the gender gap in “economic participation and opportunity,\" the United States is ahead of not only Sweden but also Finland, Denmark, the Netherlands, Iceland, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Sweden's rank in there port can largely be explained by its political quota system. Though the United States has fewer women in the workforce(68 percent compared to Sweden's 77 percent), American women who choose to be employed are far more likely to work full-time and to hold high-level jobs as managers or professionals. They also own more businesses, launch more start-ups (新创办的企业), and more often work in traditionally male fields. As for breaking through the glass ceiling in business, American women are well in the lead.
C． What explains the American advantage? How can it be that societies like Sweden, where gender equality is vigorously pursued and enforced, have fewer female managers, executives, professionals, and business owners than the laissez-faire (自由放任的) United States? A new study by Cornell economists Francine Blau and Lawrence Kahn gives an
explanation.
D． Generous parental leave policies and readily available part-time options have unintended consequences: instead of strengthening women's attachment to the workplace, they appear to weaken it. In addition to a 16-month leave, a Swedish parent has the right to work six hours a day (for a reduced salary) until his or her child is eight years old. Mothers are far more likely than fathers to take advantage of this law. But extended leaves and part-time employment are known to be harmful to careers--for both genders. And with women a second factor comes into play: most seem to enjoy the flexible-time arrangement (once known as the “mommy track\") and never find their way back to full-time or high-level employment. In sum: generous family-friendly policies do keep more women in the labor market, but they also tend to diminish their careers.
E． According to Blau and Kahn, Swedish-style paternal (父亲的) leave policies and flexible-time arrangements pose a second threat to women's progress: they make employers cautious about hiring women for full-time positions at all. Offering a job to a man is the safer bet. He is far less likely to take a year of parental leave and then return on a reduced work schedule for the next eight years.
F． I became aware of the trials of career-focused European women a few years ago when I met a post-doctoral student from Germany who was then a visiting fellow at Johns Hopkins. She was astonished by the professional possibilities afforded to young American women. Her best hope in Germany was a government job-prospects for women in the private sector were dim. \"In Germany,\" she told me, \"we have all the benefits, but employers don't want to hire us.\" G． Swedish economists Magnus Henrekson and Mikael Stenkula addressed the following question in their2009 study: why are there so few female top executives in the European egalitarian (平等主义的)welfare states? Their answer:\"Broad-based welfare-state policies hinder women's representation in elite competitive positions.\"
H． It is tempting to declare the Swedish policies regressive (退步的) and hail the American system as superior. But that would be shortsighted. The Swedes can certainly take a lesson from the United States and look for ways to clear a path for their ambitious female careerists. But most women are not committed careerists. When the Pew Research Center recently asked American parents to identify their “ideal\" life arrangement,47 percent of mothers said they would prefer to work part-time and 20 percent said they would prefer not to work at all. Fathers answered differently: 75 percent preferred full-timework. Some version of the Swedish system might work well for a majority of American parents, but the United States is unlikely to fully embrace the Swedish model. Still, we can learn from their experience.
I) Despite its failure to shatter the glass ceiling, Sweden has one of the most powerful and innovative economies in the world. In its 2011-2012 survey, the World Economic Forum ranked Sweden as the world’s third most competitive economy; the United States came in fifth. Sweden, dubbed the “rock star of the recovery” in the Washington Post, also leads the world in life satisfaction and happiness. It is a society well worth studying, and its efforts to conquer the gender gap impart a vital lesson—though not the lesson the Swedes had in mind.
J) Sweden has gone farther than any other nation on earth to integrate the sexes and to offer women the same opportunities and freedoms as men. For decades, these descendants of the Vikings have been trying to show the world that the right mix of enlightened policy, consciousness raising, and non-sexist child rearing would close the gender divide once and for all. Yet the divide persists.
K) A 2012 press release from Statistics Sweden bears the title \"Gender Equality in Sweden Treading (踩)
Water\" and notes:The total income from employment for all ages is lower for women than for men.~ One in three employed women and one in ten employed men work part-time. Women's working time is influenced by the number and age of their children, but men's working time is not affected by these factors. Of all employees, only 13 percent of the women and 12 percent of the men have occupations with an even distribution of the sexes.
L) Confronted with such facts, some Swedish activists and legislators are demanding more extreme and far-reaching measures, such as replacing male and female pronouns with a neutral alternative and monitoring children more closely to correct them when they gravitate (被吸引) toward gendered play. When it came to light last year that mothers, far more than fathers, chose to stay home from work to care for their sick kids, Ulf Kristersson, minister of social security, quickly commissioned a study to determine the causes of and possible cures for this disturbing state of affairs.
M) Swedish family policies, by accommodating women's preferences effectively, are reducing the number of women in elite competitive positions. The Swedes will find this paradoxical and try to find solutions. Let us hope these do not include banning gender pronouns, policing children's play, implementing more gender quotas, or treating women's special
attachment to home and family as a social injustice. Most mothers do not aspire to (向往) elite, competitive full-time positions: the Swedish policies have given them the freedom and opportunity to live the lives they prefer. Americans should look past the gender rhetoric and consider what these Scandinavians have achieved. On their way to creating a feminist paradise, the Swedes have unintentionally created a haven (避风港) for normal mortals. 46. Sweden has done more than other nations to close the gender gap, but it continues to exist.
47. Sweden is one of the most competitive economies in the world and its people enjoy the greatest life satisfaction. 48. More American women hold elite job positions in business than Swedish women.
49. Swedish family-friendly policies tend to exert a negative influence on women's careers.50. The quota system in Sweden ensures women's better representation in government.
51. Though the Swedish model appears workable for most American parents, it may not be accepted by them in its entirety.
52. Swedish women are allowed the freedom and opportunity to choose their own way of life.
53. Swedish employers are hesitant about hiring women for full-time positions because of the family-friendly policies. 54. Gender-awareness education is becoming more and more popular in state-subsidized preschools in Sweden. 55. Some lawmakers in Sweden propose that gender less pronouns be used in the Swedish language.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A． , B．, C． and D．. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Texting has long been bemoaned (哀叹) as the downfall of the written word, \"penmanship for illiterates,\" as one critic called it. To which the proper response is LOL. Texting properly isn't writing at all. It's a \"spoken\" language that is getting richer and more complex by the year.
First, some historical perspective. Writing was only invented 5500 years ago, whereas language probably traces back at least 80000 years. Thus talking came first; writing is just a craft that came along later. As such, the first writing was based on the way people talk, with short sentences. However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow. Over time, writers took advantage of this and started crafting long-winded sentences such as this one:\"The whole engagement lasted above12 hours, till the gradual retreat of the Persians was changed into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example was given by the principal leaders and...\"
No one talks like that casually--or should. But it is natural to desire to do so for special occasions. In the old days, we didn't much write like talking because there was no mechanism to reproduce the speed of conversation. But texting and instant messaging do--and a revolution has begun. It involves the crude mechanics of writing, but in its economy, spontaneity and even vulgarity, texting is actually a new kind of talking, with its own kind of grammar and conventions.
Take LOL. It doesn’t actually mean “laughing out loud” in a literal sense anymore. LOL has evolved into something much subtler and sophisticated and is used even when nothing is remotely amusing. Jocelyn texts “Where have you been?” and Annabelle texts back “LOL at the library studying for two hours.” LOL signals basic empathy (同感) between texters, easing tension and creating a sense of equality. Instead of having a literal meaning, it does something—conveying an attitude—just like the -ed ending conveys past tense rather than “meaning” anything. LOL, of all things, is grammar.
Of course no one thinks about that consciously. But then most of communication operates without being noticed. Over time, the meaning of a word or an expression drifts--meat used to mean any kind of food, silly used to mean, believe it or not, blessed.
Civilization, then, is fine--people banging away on their smart phones are fluently using a code separate from the one they use in actual writing, and there is no evidence that texting is ruining composition skills. Worldwide people speak differently from the way they write, and texting--quick, casual and only intended to be read once is actually a way of talking with your fingers.
56. What do critics say about texting?
A．It is mainly confined to youngsters. B．It competes with traditional writing.
C． It will ruin the written language. D． It is often hard to understand. 57. In what way does the author say writing is different from talking?
A． It is crafted with specific skills. C． It does not have as long a history. B．It expresses ideas more accurately. D． It is not as easy to comprehend. 58. Why is LOL much used in texting?
A． It brings texters closer to each other. . C． It is a trendy way to communicate B．It shows the texter's sophistication. D． It adds to the humor of the text. 59.Examples like meat and silly are cited to show .
A．the difference between writing and talking C． why people use the words the way they do B．how differently words are used in texting D． the gradual change of word meaning 60. What does the author think of texting?
A． It facilitates exchange of ideas among people. C． It deteriorates people's composition skills. B．It is a new form of verbal communication. D． It hastens the decline of the written word. Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
It's possible to admire Oprah Winfrey and still wish Harvard hadn't awarded her an honorary doctor of law degree and the commencement (毕业典礼) speaker spot at yesterday's graduation. There's no question Oprah's achievements place her in the temple of American success stories. Talent, charm, and an exceptional work ethic have rarely hurled anyone as far as they have this former abused teenage mother from rural Mississippi who became one of the world's most successful entertainment icons and the first African-American female billionaire.
Honorary degrees are often conferred on non-academic leaders in the arts, business, and politics. Harvard’s list in recent years has included Kofi Annan, Bill Gates, Meryl Streep, and David Souter. But Oprah’s particular brand of celebrity is not a good fit for the values of a university whose motto (座右铭), Veritas, means truth. Oprah’s passionate advocacy extends, unfortunately, to a hearty embrace of fake science. Most notoriously, Oprah’s validation of Jenny McCarthy’s claim that vaccines cause autism (自闭症) has no doubt contributed to much harm through the foolish avoidance of vaccines.
Famous people are entitled to a few failings, like the rest of us, and the choice of commencement speakers often reflects a balance of institutional priorities and aspirations. Judging from our conversations with many students, Oprah was a widely popular choice.
But this vote of confidence in Oprah sends a troubling message at precisely the time when American universities need to do more to advance the cause of reason. As former Dean of Harvard College, Harry Lewis, noted in a blog post about his objections, “It seems very odd for Harvard to honor such a high profile popularize of the irrational. at a time when political and religious nonsense so jeopardize
the rule of reason in this allegedly enlightened democracy and around the world.\"
As America's oldest and most visible university, Harvard has a special opportunity to convey its respect for science not only through its research and teaching programs but also in its public affirmation of evidence-based inquiry.
Unfortunately, many American universities seem awfully busy protecting their brand name and not nearly busy enough protecting the pursuit of knowledge. A recent article in The Harvard Crimson noted the shocking growth of Harvard's public relations arm in the last five years and it questioned whether a focus on risk management and avoiding controversy was really the best outward-looking face of this great institution.
As American research universities begin to resemble profit centers and entertainment complexes, it's easy to lose sight of their primary mission., to produce and spread knowledge. This mission depends on traditions of rational discourse and vigorous defense of the scientific method. Oprah Winfrey's honorary doctorate was a step in the wrong direction. 61. What do we learn about Oprah Winfrey from the passage?
A． She was a distinguished graduate of Harvard School of Law. B．She worked her way to success in the entertainment industry. C． She used to abuse her children when she was a young mother. D． She achieved her fame through persistent advocacy of fake science.
62. Why does the author deem it inappropriate for Harvard to confer an honorary degree on Oprah Winfrey?
A． She did not specialize in the study of law. C． She was an icon of the entertainment industry. B．She was known as s supporter of fake science. D． She had not distinguished herself academically. 63. How did Harry Lewis react to Harvard's decision in his blog post?
A． He was strongly against it. B．He considered it unpopular.
C． He thought it would help enhance Harvard's reputation.
D． He thought it represented the will of the Harvard community. 64.What is the author's regret about many American universities?
A． They show inadequate respect for evidence-based inquiry. B．They fall short of expectations in teaching and research. C． They attach too much importance to public relations. D． They are tolerant of political and religious nonsense.
65. What does the author think a prestigious university like Harvard should focus on?
A． Cultivation of student creativity. C． Liberation of the human mind. B．Defense of the scientific method. D． Pursuit of knowledge and truth. Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
北京计划未来三年投资7 600亿元治理污染，从减少PM2．5排放入手。这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500多万辆机动车的尾气(exhaust)排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。另有850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水(sewage)处理设施，加上300亿元投资未来三年的植树造@(forestation)。 市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，北京还将更严厉地处罚违反限排规定的行为。
2014年6月大学英语六级考试真题答案详解第二套
Part I Writing (30 minutes) 作文范文： 看到什么、听到什么就立刻得出结论是不明智的
Living in an age when the adolescents are lack of the necessary guidance and supervision, we can never fail to figure out the fact that teenagers are becoming especially self-conscious. Under this circumstance, the youngsters are more likely to believe in what they have listened or seen instead of thinking twice before drawing their conclusions, which is pathetically and undoubtedly considered controversial or even unreasonable.
The reasons why I insist on the viewpoint that we should never directly and irresponsibly come to conclusions only by listening or seeing mainly lie in the following two aspects. To begin with, it is an invariable law to every existence in the world that nothing will stay still even for just one second. So are the things happening around us. What we see or listen may be just some particular period of the development of things, which proves unstable and changeable. In addition, the perspectives we conclude just through seeing or listening are usually one-sided. Drawing conclusions rashly is not objective enough to make our statements persuasive.
To sum up, it is unwise for us to define anything as what we assume or imagine at first sight. Only by our serious thinking and accurate analyzing can we come up with more rational and reasonable conclusions.
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A
1.C.【精析】语义理解题。女士向男士提到了学生们正在因为学费上涨而进行抗议，男士说他也听说了这一事件，但他却不认为学生们的行为会起到什么好的效果。由此可知，男士对学生们抗议行为的效果有所怀疑。
2.D.【精析】综合理解题。女士说Jay就要21岁了，他到底知不知道班里正在为他的生日聚会做准备；男士说Jay并不知情，一直以为班里是为即将退休的系主任准备聚会。由此可知，班里都瞒着Jay，没让他知道聚会的真实目的。
3.C.【精析】推理判断题。对话中男士打电话告诉女士说，White先生上午去修车的时候，把车留在了修车厂，而他把公文包和钱包也一并落在了那里；女士说她会转告White先生，当天下午就去取回来。由此可知，White先生把汽车、公文包和钱包都留在了修车厂。
4.D.【精析】综合理解题。对话中女士对男士说电视台在重播一些二十世纪六十年代的喜剧，问男士对这些喜
剧的看法；男士说他并不怎么喜欢这些喜剧，同时，他也说，新出的喜剧，即使是由著名导演执导，娱乐效果也不怎么样。由此可知，男士认为从二十世纪六十年代起，喜剧并没有什么发展。
5.D.【精析】弦外之音题。男士向女士求助，说他的菜谱说烹饪时间为l0分钟，不知道是否应该把这些蔬菜再多煮一会儿；女士说在她看来，这些蔬菜已经可以了，不用再煮了。由此可见，女士认为男士不应该再继续煮这些蔬菜了。
6. A.【精析】事实细节题。对话中女士问男士他是不是要去父母家，男士说是的，他答应父母帮他们整理纳税申报单，免税代码对于他的父母来说太难懂了。由此可知，男士会帮助父母整理纳税申报单。
7. A.【精析】推理判断题。对话中女士说听说男士提前一个月就完成了项目，她十分吃惊；而男士说他自己也没弄明白怎么就能提前这么长时间完成项目。由此可知，男士自己也没想到能这么快完成工作。
8. B.【精析】事实细节题。对话中女士对男士说她希望能和男士一起上发展心理学课，男士说他也是这么 想的，但是等他去注册的时候，该课程名额已经报满。由此可知，男士没能成功注册该课程。 9. B.【精析】事实细节题。对话中男士一开头就说泰国丝绸的色彩让他惊叹，并说从没有见过这样的色彩组合，还提出要看一下这些新色彩组合的样品。由此可知，是泰国丝绸新的色彩组合让男士着迷。
10.C.【精析】细节辨认题。对话中男士说他也不确定究竟在找些什么，但可以确定的是，他不喜欢在景点出售的东西。女士由此猜测男士应该是喜欢去乡村转一转，男士表示同意。女士猜测男士应该对
尚未商业化的手工艺品更感兴趣，男士则强调说对当地人自己使用的东西很感兴趣，这与选项中的“地方手工艺品”意思一致。
11.B【精析】细节推断题。对话中女士对男士说她可以为他安排一次去乡村的行程，可以让男士深入泰国，只要发现他感兴趣的东西，随时都可以停下来观看。由此可知，女士为男士安排的是乡村之行。
12.A.【精析】事实细节题。对话一开头，女士就对男士说，在决定要住在Enderby这一地区之前，了解当地的学校是首要大事，因为他们希望自己的子女获得良好的中等教育。由此可知，良好的中等教育是对话中男女二人希望自己的孩子所能够拥有的东西。
13. A.17精析】事实细节题。对话中女士说他们的小Keith动手能力很强，应该接受良好的职业技能培训。 14. C.【精析】细节推断题。对话中男士说就大学升学率来说，Enderby High表现不错，但Carlton Abbey这所学校的升学率更高，达到了70％。Don well不好，只有8％；Enderby Comprehensive和Saint Mary’S大约l0％。因此，大学升学率最高的学校是Carlton Abbey。
15.D.【精析】推理判断题。对话末尾部分，女士说似乎他们有不少选择，但在孩子的教育问题上，不能仅依据一些数字就轻易作决定，还是需要了解更多的信息。由此可知，他们会对Enderby地区的中学进行更进一步的了解。
Section B Passage One 16.C.【精析】事实细节题。题目是针对地下室的规划提问，而说话者在谈到地下室时，着重强调了存储空间，并且解释说，大地下室可以在很大程度上改善他们缺少存储空间的问题。由此可知，地下室将会有一个大的存储空间。
17. A.【精析】细节推断题。短文中提到，第二层(the
first floor)规划给了研究与发展部的员工，并且，还专门为该部门的主管留了办公套问，也给秘书们单独隔出了一间办公室。因此，研究与发展部主管的办公室是在二层。
18. B.【精析】事实细节题。在短文最后一部分中，说话者提到该建筑是砖结构的建筑，这样，它会与该处其他建筑的风格相符。由此可知，采用砖结构的目的是为了让这所建筑与其他建筑的风格相吻合。
Passage Two
19. C.【精析】事实细节题。短文开头提到Huang Yi工作的公司是销售财务软件的，他所负责的工作是向客户展示如何使用该软件。因此，他的工作是培训客户使用财务软件。
20.A.【精析】观点态度题。短文中说Huang Yi工作的前几个月十分“困难”。他感觉虽然教了两个星期，但他的客户依然不会使用该财务软件。由此可知，他的工作并不成功。
21.D.【精析】细节推断题。短文中间部分提到，在进行一周的讲座教学后，Huang Yi在第二周进行了troubleshoot，troubleshoot意为“解决问题，排查故障”，接下来的answering questions也提供了解释。由此可知，第二周，Huang Yi会为在使用过程中碰到问题的客户进行问题解答，也就是对他
们提供单独的技术支持。
22. D.【精析】事实细节题。短文在结尾部分提到一开始Huang Yi还认为是对方的原因，是他们学得太慢，可后来，他逐渐意识到问题在于他呈现信息的方式。
Passage Three
23.C.【精析】细节推断题。短文开头说除了父母和老师外，孩子们几乎不怎么接触成年人，因此，他们对成年人的工作和生活都没什么概念。由此可知，与成年人接触太少是导致孩子们不了解成年人的世界的原因。
24. B.【精析】事实细节题。短文中提到，在纽约市，很多作家走进学校，为学生诵读他们的作品，谈论写作 中遇到的问题；在另一所学校．有律师进入校园，每月一次地为孩子ln讲述法律目题。由此可见，纽约市的学校将作家和律师请透了校园．使学生有了与他们交流的机会。
25. C.【精析】推理判断题。短文结尾处说，很多学校开始引入“组对学习”的模式，也就是让孩子们形成搭档关系，共同进退，这一方法效果不错：由此可知，“组对学习”有助于孩子们形成合作精神。
Section C 26. anxiety 【精析】并列关系题。空格前为并列连词and，由此判断，fear与空格中的词为并列关系，作动词prod的宾语，因此，空格处应该填人名词。结合录音可填入anxiety，意为“焦虑”。
27．identifies
【精析】句意推断题。空格位于句子的谓语部分，且空格前的主语A well constru test为单数，因此空格处应该填入动词的第三人称单数形式。结合录音可填入identifies，意为。辨识．辨别”。
28campares to 【精析】句意推断题。空格位于由how引导的宾语从句中，充当该从句的谓语部分，空格中应填人动词或动词短语，连接主语your performance和宾语that of others。结合录音可填入comparest0，意为“比较，对比”。
29．a body of 【精析】修饰关系题。此空格前有介词on，后有名词material，因此，空格处需填入形容词性的单词或短语，修饰material。结合录音可填入a body of，意为“大量的”。
30．motivate
【精析】句意推断题。此空格前有短语is likelyt0，由此可以判断，空格中应该填入动词原形，与is likely to共同构成句子的谓语部分。结合录音可填入motivate，意为“激励，刺激”。
31．define
【精析】句意推断题。此空格前的句子为tests have the power to„，由此判断，空格处应该填入动词或动词词组的原形，与to一起构成目的状语。结合录音可填入define，意为“阐明，下定义”。
32 fundamental
【精析】语义推断题。空格位于some和名词information之间，可以判断空格处需要填入形容词，修饰名词information。结合录音可填入fundamental，意为“基础的，根本的”。
33．ruined
【精析】修饰关系题。该句空格前的部分为主语your life和动词is，由此判断，空格处应填人形容词作表语或动词过去分词与is一起构成被动语态。结合录音可填入ruined，意为“被毁掉的，被破坏的”。
34．In short
【精析】语义推断题。此空位于段首以及句首，且空格后有逗号分隔，由此判断，应填入副词或短语，构成句子的状语。结合录音可填入In short，意为“简而言之”。
35．imperfect
【精析】语义推断题。此空位于名词measures前，结合空格前的indirect and，可以判断空格处应填入形容词，与indirect形成并列关系，共同修饰measures。结合录音可填入imperfect，意为“不完美的”。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) 36．【考点】名词辨析题。
A.【精析】由空格前的often have和空格后的such astax-free interest可知，此处应填入名词。根据本句前半句可知，此处是对“市政债券也很安全”这一观点的进一步阐述，且空格后提到了tax-free interest“免税利息”，故答案为advantages“优点，好处”。
37．【考点】动词辨析题。
K.【精析】空格位于be之后，据此推断此处可能填形容词或动词的分词形式。本句承接上一句，也是阐述市政债券的优点，即比较安全，故答案为insured“投保”。
38．【考点】动词辨析题。 C.【精析】分析句子成分可知，该句缺少谓语，故空格处应填入动词。根据空格前的questions和空格后的first．time
corporate bond investors之间的逻辑关系可推知答案为bother“烦扰”。
39．【考点】形容词辨析题。
L.【精析】空格位于介词on和名词词组securities exchanges之间，由此推断此处应填入形容词。根据常识，债券应是在主要的证券交易所买进和卖出，故答案为major“主要的”。
40．【考点】名词辨析题。
H.【精析】分析句子结构可知，空格处应填一个名词作have的宾语及后面定语从句的先行词，再由定语从句中的谓语make可知空格处应填入可数名词复数。根据句意可知，该定语从句主要讲的是吸引其他投资者的属性，结合备选项可知答案为features“特点，特色”。
41．【考点】名词辨析题。
F)【精析】空格位于介词at和不定冠词a之后，由此推断此处应填入可数名词单数。空格后还对该词进行了解释：即低于债券面值的价格。此外，再由与at a——相对应的下一句中的at apremium“超出平常价，溢价”，可推知答案为discount“折扣”。
42．【考点】动词辨析题。
I)【精析】分析句子成分可知，空格所在句缺少谓语动词，故空格处应填入动词。结合下一句中的90up和fall可知，fluctuate“波动，起伏”符合句意，故为答案。
43．【考点】动词辨析题。
B)【精析】由空格前的can一词可知空格处应填入动词原形。根据句意，第二个问题是：“我怎样——某支债券的投资风险呢?”，再根据下一句中的rate'‘评价’可知，答案应为assess“评定，评价”。
44．【考点】副词辨析题。 M.【精析】空格所在句子结构完整．且空格又在句子开头，由此推断空格处应填入副词起连接作用。根据句意，此处是对上一句的延伸与承接，故答案为naturally“当然，自然”。
45．【考点】形容词辨析题。
N.【精析】空格位于定冠词the和名词return之间，由此推断空格处应填入形容词。根据句意，对于被认为有风险的债券，只有当它的——回报足够高时，投资者们才会对其进行投资，故答案为potential“潜在的”。
Section B 46．【定位】由题干中的close the gender gap和 continues to exist定位到J)段。
J.【精析】细节推断题。定位段首句提到，在性别融 合和为男女提供同等机会和自由方面，瑞典已经 走得比世界上其他任何一个国家都远了；定位段 末句指出这种差异仍然存在。题干是对定位段首 句和末句的概括，故答案为J)。
47．【定位】由题干中的0ne of the most competitive economies和life satisfaction定位到I)段第二、三 句。 I.【精析】细节辨认题。由定位句可知，世界经济论 坛将瑞典列为世界第三大最具竞争力的经济体， 而且，瑞典在生活满意度和幸福感排名上也领先 于世界其他国家。题干中的0ne of the most competitive economies对应定位句中的the world’S third most competitive economy，the greatest life satisfaction对应定位句中的leads the world in life satisfaction，故答案为I)。
48．【定位】由题干中的More American women和 hold elite job positions in business定位到B.段。
B.【精析】细节推断题。定位段倒数后三句提到，尽 管美国职业女性的比例较低(68％，而瑞典达到了 77％)，但是选择工作的美国女性更有可能从事全 职工作和担任高级别的工作职位，如经理或专业 人士。她们还拥有更多的企业，创办更多的新企 业，也更有可能在传统的男性领域工作。在突破 商业领域的玻璃天花板方面，美国女性遥遥领先。 题干中的hold elite job positions in business对应 定位句中的hold high-level jobs as managers or professionals，故答案为B)。
49．【定位】由题干中的family．friendly policies，tend t0和women’S careers定位到D)段末句。 D.【精析】细节推断题。定位句提到，慷慨的家庭友 好政策确实让更多的女性留在了劳动力市场，但 是也往往不利于她们职业生涯的发展。题干与定 位句意思一致，故答案为D)。
50．【定位】由题干中的quota system和representation in government定位到A段第四句。 A.【精析】细节推断题。定位句提到，由于非官方的 配额制度，女性在瑞典议会中占据了45％的席位。 题干中的women’S better representation与定位 句中的women hold 45 percent of positions意思 一致，题干中的The quota system和in government分别对应定位句中的an unofficial quota system和in the Swedish parliament，故答 案为A)。
51．【定位】由题f中的the Swedish model和most American parents定位到H)段倒数第二句。
H.【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，瑞典的某些体 制可能适合大多数的美国父母，但美国不太可能 完全接受瑞典模式。题干中的the Swedish model 对应定位句中的Some version of the Swedish system，may not be accepted by them in its entirety对应定位句中的is unlikely to fully embrace the Swedish model，故答案为H)。
52．【定位】由题干中的the freedom and opportunity 定位到M)段第四句。
M.【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，大多数母亲并 不向往具有竞争力的精英的全职岗位：瑞典的政策已经给了她们自由和机会去过自己更喜欢的生活。题干中的the freedom and opportunity与定位句表述一致，choose their own way of life是对定位句中的live the lives they prefer的同义转述，故答案为M。
53．【定位】由题干中的hiring women for full．time positions定位到E段第一句。
E.【精析】细节归纳题。定位句提到，Blau和Kahn 称，瑞典式产假政策和弹性时间安排对女性进步形成了第二个威胁：它们让雇主在聘用女性担任全职职位时小心翼翼。题干中的hesitant对应定 位句中的cautious，hiring women for full．time positions与定位句中的表述二致，the family friendly policies是对定位句中的Swedish．style paternal leave policies and flexible-time arrangements的归纳，故答案为E。
54．【定位】由题干中的Gender．awareness education 和state—subsidized preschools定位到A段第 三句。 A.【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，某政府网站显示．在有瑞典政府补贴的幼儿尉中，性别意识教育越来越普遍。题干中的Gender．awareness education和state．subsidized preschools均与定位句中的表述一致，故答案为A。
55．【定位】由题干中的lawmakers和gender less pronouns定位到L段第一句。
L.【精析】细节推断题。定位句提到，一些瑞典激进主义者和立法者正要求采取更极端和更深远的措 施，比如用一个中性词替代男女性别代词。题干中的lawmakers和genderless pronouns分别对应 定位句中的legislators和a neutral alternative，故 答案为L。
Section C Passage One 56．【定位】由题干中的critics定位到首段第一句。
C.【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，长期以来短信 都被哀叹为造成书面语衰退的原因，一位评论家 称其为“文盲的书面语言”。故答案为C。
57．【定位】根据题文同序原则定位到第二段。
A)【精析】推理判断题。定位段第三句指出，写作是 一种表达技巧；第五、六句指出，写作是深思熟虑 的，所以作家们便开始利用这点造出冗长的句子， 由此可见写作是需要特殊的技巧的，故答案为A。
58．【定位】根据题干中的LOL和much used定位到 文章第四段。
A)【精析】事实细节题。定位段第五句指出，LOL表 示短信收发者之间有同样感受，它有利于缓解紧 张并营造一种平等的感觉，也就是说它拉近了短 信收发者之间的距离，故答案为A)。
59．【定位】由题干中的meat和silly定位到第五段最 后一句。
D)【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，随着时间的推 移，单词或词组的意思也会发生改变——“meat”曾经指任意一种食物，而“silly”在过去的意思为 “神圣的”。故答案为D)。
60．【定位】由题干中的think of和textin9定位到第 三段最后一句和文章最后一句。 B)【精析】观点态度题。第三段最后一句指出，短信 实际上是一种新的说话方式，有着自己的语法和 惯例；文章最后一句指出，短信因其快速、随意和 只会被阅读一次的特点，实际上已经成为一种用 手指说话的方式。故答案为B)。
Passage Two 61．【定位】由题干中的0prah Winfrey并结合选项定 位到首段。
B)【精析】事实细节题。定位段最后一句指出， Oprah Winfrey从jl．遭人虐待的未成年母亲成长为 世界上最成功的娱乐界偶像之一，也就是说她在 娱乐界取得了成功，故答案为B)。
62．【定位】由题干中的inappropriate和honorary degree定位到第二段。
B)【精析】推理判断题。定位段第三句指出，Oprah 特殊的名人类型并不适合一个以真理为座右铭的 大学的价值观。第四句给出了“不适合”的例证： 不幸的是，Oprah充满激情的支持扩大到了对伪 科学的强烈拥护。综上可知，作者认为哈佛不应授予0prah荣誉学位是因为她拥护伪科学，故答 案为B)。
63．【定位】由题干中的Harry Lewis定位到第四段第 二句。 A)【精析】事实细节题。定位句指出，哈佛学院前任 院长Harry Lewis在一篇博客帖子中提出了他的反对意见，故答案为A)。
64．【定位】由题干中的American universities定位到 倒数第二段。
C)【精析】事实细节题。定位段第一句指出，许多美 国大学似乎都忙于保护他们的品牌，而疏于对知 识追求的保护。第二句指出，哈佛大学的公共关 系部门在过去五年的发展令人震惊。结合第一句 中的Unfortunately可知，作者对许多美国大学过重视公共关系而感到遗憾，故答案为c)。
65．【定位】由题干中的prestigious university和focus on定位到最后两段。
D)【精析】观点态度题。倒数第二段第一句提到，不 幸的是，美国的许多大学疏于对知识追求的保护。 最后一段第一句指出，当美国的研究型大学开始 变得像利润中心和娱乐中心时，它们很容易忽略 自己最初的使命：创造和传播知识。综合以上信息可知，作者认为像哈佛这样有威望的大学应该 专注于追求知识与真理，故答案为D)。
Part IV Translation (30 minutes) 参考译文与难点注释
Beijing is planning to invest 760 billion yuan to control pollution in the next three years, starting~ from reducing the emission of PM2.5. The newly announced plan is aimed at reducing four major sources of pollution, including exhaust emissions of over 5 million motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and local construction dust. Another 85 billion yuan will be used to establish or upgrade the facilities for municipal waste treatment and sewage treatment. Besides, 30 billion yuan will be invested in the forestation program in the coming three years. 1．第一句中，“7 600亿”可以译为760 billion。“治理” 可以译为control，curb或reduce。“从„„入手” 可译为starting from„，在句中作伴随状语。 2．第二句中，“旨在„„”可以译为be aimed at doing sth．。“来自北方的”可译为from the north，作后 置定语修饰sandstorms。中文的定语一般放在被 修饰语的前面；但在英文中，如果定语太长，应处理 成后置定语或定语从句的形式。 3．第三句中，“新建”可以译为establish。该句中文无 主语，所以翻译时可以选用被动语态，或者增译主 语Beijin9。因为“加上”之前的中文翻译出来的句 子过长，所以此处的动词“加上”可转译为连词，用 Besides表达。
4．第四句中，“一批”可以译为a number of或many。 “以改善环境”可译为In order to improve the municipal government also plans to construct a number of water-recycling plants and to ban illegal construction. In addition, Beijing will impose tougher punishments on those who violate the emission-reduction regulations.
environment,放在句首作目的状语。
5. 第五句中，限排规定可以译为 emission-reduction regulationso 此居中行为不可直亦为 action, 要在理解的基础上采用符合语言风格的译法。通过分析可知 ，此处“处罚”的应该是违反规定的“人”而非“行为”，所以翻译时可采用意译法。
2014年6月大学英语六级听力原文第二套
Section A
Short Conversation
W: The students have been protesting against the increased tuition.
M: Yeah, I heard about the protest. But I don't know how much good it will do. Q1: What does the man mean?
W: Jay will turn 21 this week. Does he know the classes are having a surprised party for him? M: No, he thinks we are giving a party for the retiring dean. Q2: What do we learn from the conversation?
M: Hello, this is Carl's garage. We found Mr. White's briefcase and wallet after he left his car here this morning.
W: He has been wondering where he could have left them. I'll tell him to pick them up this afternoon. Thank you for calling.
Q3: What do we learn about Mr. White from the conversation?
W: You know, some TV channels have been rerunning a lot of comedies from the 1960s'. What do you think of those old shows?
M: Not much. But the new ones including those done by famous directors are not so entertaining either. Q4: What does the man mean?
M: How much longer should I boil these vegetables? The recipe says about 10 minutes in total.
W: They look pretty done to me. I doubt you should cook them anymore. Q5: What does the woman mean?
W: Tom, are you going to your parents' house tonight?
M: Yes, I promise to help them figure out their tax returns. The tax code is really confusing to them. Q6: What is the man going to do for his parents?
W: I was surprised when I heard you'd finished your research project a whole month early. M: How I manage to do it's still a mystery to me. Q7: What does the man mean?
W: I was hoping we could be in the same developmental psychology class. M: Me too, but by the time I went for registration the course was closed. Q8: What does the man mean? Long Conversation One
M: It's really amazing how many colors there are in these Thai silks? W: These are our new designs.
M: Oh, I don't think I've seen this combination of colors before. W: They're really brilliant, aren't they?
M: Quite dazzling! May I have samples of the new color combinations? W: Yes, of course. But aren't you going to place an order?
M: We order them regularly, you know, but I do want our buyer who handles fabrics to see them. W: Have you looked at the wood and stone coverings? Did you like them? M: Oh, they aren't really what I'm looking for. W: What do you have in mind?
M: That's the trouble. I never know exactly until I see it. I usually have more luck when I get away from the tourist places.
W: Out in the countryside you mean.
M: Yeah, exactly. Markets seem small towns have turned out best for me.
W: You're more interested than in handcrafts that haven't been commercialized.
M: Yes, real folk arts, pots, dishes, basket ware - the kinds of things that people themselves use. W: I'm sure we can arrange a trip out into the country for you. M: I was hoping you'd say that.
W: We can drive out of Bangkok and stop whenever you see something that interests you. M: That would be wonderful! How soon could we leave?
W: I can't get away tomorrow. But I think I can get a car for the day after. M: And would we have to come back the same day?
W: No, I think I'll be able to keep the car for three or four days. M: Wonderful! That'll give me time for a real look around.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9. What attracts the man to the Thai silks? 10. What is the man looking for in Thailand?
11. What do we learn about the trip the woman promised to arrange for the man? Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage One
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen! As instructed in our previous meeting, the subcommittee on building development has now drawn up a brief to submit to the firm's architect. In short, the building would consist of two floors. There would be a storage area in the basement to be used by the research center as well as by other departments. We are,
as you know, short of storage base, so the availability of a large basement would be a considerable advantage. The ground floor would be occupied by laboratories. Altogether there would be six labs. In addition, there would be six offices for the technicians, plus a general secretarial office and reception area. The first floor would be occupied by the offices of Research and Development staff. There would be a suite of offices for the Research and Development director as well as a general office for secretarial staff. It's proposed to have a staff room with a small kitchen. This would serve both floors. There would also be a library for research documents and reference material. In addition, there would be a resource room in which audio visual equipment and other equipment of that sort could be stored. Finally, there would be a seminar room with closed circuit television. This room could also be used to present displays and demonstrations to visitors to the center. The building would be of brick construction so it's to conform to the general style of construction on the site. There would be a pitched roof. Wall and ceiling spaces would be insulated to conform to new building regulations. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you've just heard. 16. What is said about the planned basement of the new building? 17. Where would be the Research and Development director's office? 18. Why would the building be of brick construction? Passage Two
Huang Yi works for a company that sells financial software to small and medium size businesses. His job is to show customers how to use the new software. He spends two weeks with each client, demonstrating the features and functions of the software. The first few months in the job were difficult. He often left the client feeling that even after two weeks he hadn't been able to show the employees everything they needed to know. It's not that they weren't interested; they obviously appreciated his instruction and showed a desire to learn. Huang couldn't figure it out the software was difficult for them to understand, or if he was not doing a good job of teaching. During the next few months, Huang started to see some patterns. He would get to a new client site and spend the first week going over the software with the employees. He usually did this in ships, with different groups of employees listening to him lecture. Then he would spend the next week in installing the program and helping individuals trouble-shoot. Huang realized that during the week of trouble shooting and answering questions, he ended up addressing the same issues over and over. He was annoyed because most of the individuals with whom he worked seem to have retained very little information from the first week. They asked very basic questions and often needed prompting from beginning to end. At first, he wondered if these people were just a little slow, but then he began to get the distinct feeling that part of the problem might be his style presenting information. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you've just heard. 19. What does Huang Yi do in his company? 20. What did Huang Yi think of his work?
21. What did Huang Yi do in addition to lecturing? 22. What did Huang Yi realize in the end? Passage Three
As we help children get out into the world to do their learning well, we can get more of the world into the schools. Aside from their parents, most children never have any close contact with any adults except their teachers. No wonder they have no idea what adult life or work is like. We need to bring more people who are not full-time teachers into the schools. In New York City, under the teachers' and writers' collaborative, real writers come into the schools, read their work, and talk to the children about the problems of their craft. The children love it. In another school, a practicing attorney comes in every month and talks to several classes about the law. Not the law it is in books, but the law as he sees it and encounters it in his cases. And the children listen with intense interest. Here's something even easier: let children work together, help each other, learn from each other and each other's mistakes. We now know from this experience of many schools that children are often the best teachers of other children. What's more important, we know that when the fifth floor six-grader who is being having trouble with reading, starts helping a first-grader, his own reading sharply improves. A number of schools are beginning to use what some call paired learning. This means that you let children form partnerships with other children. Do their work even including their tests together and share whatever marks or results this work gets. Just like grown-ups in the real world. It seems to work. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you've just heard.
23. Why does the speaker say most children have no idea what adult life is like?
24. What is happening in New York City schools?
25. What does the experience of many schools show? Section C
Tests may be the most unpopular part of academic life. Students hate them because they produce fear and （anxiety） about being evaluated, and focus on grades instead of learning for learning's sake. But tests are also valuable. A well-constructed test （identifies） what you know and what you still need to learn. Tests help you see how your performance （compares to） that of others. And knowing that you'll be tested on （a body of） material is certainly likely to (motivate )you to learn the material more thoroughly. However, there's another reason you might dislike tests. You may assume that tests have the power to （define） your worth as a person. If you do badly on a test, you may be tempted to believe that you received some ( fundamental） information about yourself from the professor --- information that says you are a failure in some significant way. This is a dangerous and wrong-headed assumption. If you do badly on a test, it doesn't mean you are a bad person or stupid or that you'll never do better again and that your life is （ruined）. If you don't do well on a test, you're the same person you were before you took the test. No better, no worse. You just did badly on a test. That's it! （In short）, tests are not a measure of your value as an individual. They're a measure only of how well and how much you studied. Tests are tools. They're indirect and （ imperfect） measures of what we know.
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